Systems and methods for signaling operation range profile information in video coding

ABSTRACT

A device may be configured to signal range extension profile information for coded video according to one or more of the techniques described herein.

TECHNICAL FIELD

This disclosure relates to video coding and more particularly to techniques for signaling operation range profile information for coded video.

BACKGROUND

Digital video capabilities can be incorporated into a wide range of devices, including digital televisions, laptop or desktop computers, tablet computers, digital recording devices, digital media players, video gaming devices, cellular telephones, including so-called smartphones, medical imaging devices, and the like. Digital video may be coded according to a video coding standard. Video coding standards define the format of a compliant bitstream encapsulating coded video data. A compliant bitstream is a data structure that may be received and decoded by a video decoding device to generate reconstructed video data. Video coding standards may incorporate video compression techniques. Examples of video coding standards include ISO/IEC MPEG-4 Visual and ITU-T H.264 (also known as ISO/IEC MPEG-4 AVC) and High-Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC). HEVC is described in High Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC), Rec. ITU-T H.265, December 2016, which is incorporated by reference, and referred to herein as ITU-T H.265. Extensions and improvements for ITU-T H.265 are currently being considered for the development of next generation video coding standards. For example, the ITU-T Video Coding Experts Group (VCEG) and ISO/IEC (Moving Picture Experts Group (MPEG) (collectively referred to as the Joint Video Exploration Team (JVET)) are working to standardized video coding technology with a compression capability that significantly exceeds that of the current HEVC standard. The Joint Exploration Model 7 (JEM 7), Algorithm Description of Joint Exploration Test Model 7 (JEM 7), ISO/IEC JTC1/SC29/WG11 Document: JVET-G1001, July 2017, Torino, IT, which is incorporated by reference herein, describes the coding features that were under coordinated test model study by the JVET as potentially enhancing video coding technology beyond the capabilities of ITU-T H.265. It should be noted that the coding features of JEM 7 are implemented in JEM reference software. As used herein, the term JEM may collectively refer to algorithms included in JEM 7 and implementations of JEM reference software. Further, in response to a “Joint Call for Proposals on Video Compression with Capabilities beyond HEVC,” jointly issued by VCEG and MPEG, multiple descriptions of video coding tools were proposed by various groups at the 10^(th) Meeting of ISO/IEC JTC1/SC29/WG11 16-20 Apr. 2018, San Diego, CA. From the multiple descriptions of video coding tools, a resulting initial draft text of a video coding specification is described in “Versatile Video Coding (Draft 1),” 10^(th) Meeting of ISO/IEC JTC1/SC29/WG11 16-20 Apr. 2018, San Diego, CA, document JVET-J1001-v2, which is incorporated by reference herein, and referred to as JVET-J1001. The current development of a next generation video coding standard by the VCEG and MPEG is referred to as the Versatile Video Coding (VVC) project. “Versatile Video Coding (Draft 10),” 20^(th) Meeting of ISO/IEC JTC1/SC29/WG11 7-16 Oct. 2020, Teleconference, document JVET-T2001-v2, which is incorporated by reference herein, and referred to as JVET-T2001, represents the current iteration of the draft text of a video coding specification corresponding to the VVC project.

Video compression techniques enable data requirements for storing and transmitting video data to be reduced. Video compression techniques may reduce data requirements by exploiting the inherent redundancies in a video sequence. Video compression techniques may sub-divide a video sequence into successively smaller portions (i.e., groups of pictures within a video sequence, a picture within a group of pictures, regions within a picture, sub-regions within regions, etc.). Intra prediction coding techniques (e.g., spatial prediction techniques within a picture) and inter prediction techniques (i.e., inter-picture techniques (temporal)) may be used to generate difference values between a unit of video data to be coded and a reference unit of video data. The difference values may be referred to as residual data. Residual data may be coded as quantized transform coefficients. Syntax elements may relate residual data and a reference coding unit (e.g., intra-prediction mode indices, and motion information). Residual data and syntax elements may be entropy coded. Entropy encoded residual data and syntax elements may be included in data structures forming a compliant bitstream.

SUMMARY OF INVENTION

A method of decoding video data, the method comprising:

-   -   receiving general constraints information;     -   decoding a first syntax element, from the general constraints         information, indicating constraints of sh_slice_type for all         slices in OlsinScope;     -   decoding a second syntax element indicating a number of bits;     -   deriving a variable NumReservedBitsUsed; and     -   decoding one bit syntax elements repeatedly where a number of         the one bit syntax elements is a value of the second syntax         element minus NumReservedBitsUsed.

A device of decoding video data, the device comprising:

-   -   a memory and     -   a processor, wherein the processor is configured to perform         steps of:     -   receiving general constraints information;     -   decoding a first syntax element, from the general constraints         information, indicating constraints of sh_slice_type for all         slices in OlsInScope;     -   decoding a second syntax element indicating a number of bits;     -   deriving a variable NumReservedBitsUsed; and     -   decoding one bit syntax elements repeatedly where a number of         the one bit syntax elements is a value of the second syntax         element minus NumReservedBitsUsed.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is a block diagram illustrating an example of a system that may be configured to encode and decode video data according to one or more techniques of this disclosure.

FIG. 2 is a conceptual diagram illustrating coded video data and corresponding data structures according to one or more techniques of this disclosure.

FIG. 3 is a conceptual diagram illustrating a data structure encapsulating coded video data and corresponding metadata according to one or more techniques of this disclosure.

FIG. 4 is a conceptual drawing illustrating an example of components that may be included in an implementation of a system that may be configured to encode and decode video data according to one or more techniques of this disclosure.

FIG. 5 is a block diagram illustrating an example of a video encoder that may be configured to encode video data according to one or more techniques of this disclosure.

FIG. 6 is a block diagram illustrating an example of a video decoder that may be configured to decode video data according to one or more techniques of this disclosure.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

In general, this disclosure describes various techniques for coding video data. In particular, this disclosure describes techniques for signaling operation range profile information for coded video data. It should be noted that although techniques of this disclosure are described with respect to ITU-T H.264, ITU-T H.265, JEM, and JVET-T2001, the techniques of this disclosure are generally applicable to video coding. For example, the coding techniques described herein may be incorporated into video coding systems, (including video coding systems based on future video coding standards) including video block structures, intra prediction techniques, inter prediction techniques, transform techniques, filtering techniques, and/or entropy coding techniques other than those included in ITU-T H.265, JEM, and JVET-T2001. Thus, reference to ITU-T H.264, ITU-T H.265, JEM, and/or JVET-T2001 is for descriptive purposes and should not be construed to limit the scope of the techniques described herein. Further, it should be noted that incorporation by reference of documents herein is for descriptive purposes and should not be construed to limit or create ambiguity with respect to terms used herein. For example, in the case where an incorporated reference provides a different definition of a term than another incorporated reference and/or as the term is used herein, the term should be interpreted in a manner that broadly includes each respective definition and/or in a manner that includes each of the particular definitions in the alternative.

In one example, a method of signaling parameters for video data comprises signaling a syntax element indicating a profile to which an output layer set conforms, wherein the syntax element is included in a profile tier level syntax and a value of 36 indicates a Main 16 4:4:4 profile.

In one example, a device comprises one or more processors configured to signal a syntax element indicating a profile to which an output layer set conforms, wherein the syntax element is included in a profile tier level syntax and a value of 36 indicates a Main 16 4:4:4 profile.

In one example, anon-transitory computer-readable storage medium comprises instructions stored thereon that, when executed, cause one or more processors of a device to signal a syntax element indicating a profile to which an output layer set conforms, wherein the syntax element is included in a profile tier level syntax and a value of 36 indicates a Main 16 4:4:4 profile.

In one example, an apparatus comprises means for signaling a syntax element indicating a profile to which an output layer set conforms, wherein the syntax element is included in a profile tier level syntax and a value of 36 indicates a Main 16 4:4:4 profile.

In one example, a method of decoding video data comprises receiving profile tier level syntax, parsing a syntax element from the profile tier level syntax indicating a profile to which an output layer set conforms, wherein a value of 36 indicates a Main 16 4:4:4 profile and performing video decoding based on the indicated profile.

In one example, a device comprises one or more processors configured to receive profile tier level syntax, parse a syntax element from the profile tier level syntax indicating a profile to which an output layer set conforms, wherein a value of 36 indicates a Main 16 4:4:4 profile, and perform video decoding based on the indicated profile.

In one example, anon-transitory computer-readable storage medium comprises instructions stored thereon that, when executed, cause one or more processors of a device to receive profile tier level syntax, parse a syntax element from the profile tier level syntax indicating a profile to which an output layer set conforms, wherein a value of 36 indicates a Main 16 4:4:4 profile, and perform video decoding based on the indicated profile.

In one example, an apparatus comprises means for receiving profile tier level syntax, means for parsing a syntax element from the profile tier level syntax indicating a profile to which an output layer set conforms, wherein a value of 36 indicates a Main 16 4:4:4 profile and means for performing video decoding based on the indicated profile.

The details of one or more examples are set forth in the accompanying drawings and the description below. Other features, objects, and advantages will be apparent from the description and drawings, and from the claims.

Video content includes video sequences comprised of a series of frames (or pictures). A series of frames may also be referred to as a group of pictures (GOP). Each video frame or picture may divided into one or more regions. Regions may be defined according to a base unit (e.g., a video block) and sets of rules defining a region. For example, a rule defining a region may be that a region must be an integer number of video blocks arranged in a rectangle. Further, video blocks in a region may be ordered according to a scan pattern (e.g., a raster scan). As used herein, the term video block may generally refer to an area of a picture or may more specifically refer to the largest array of sample values that may be predictively coded, sub-divisions thereof, and/or corresponding structures. Further, the term current video block may refer to an area of a picture being encoded or decoded. A video block may be defined as an array of sample values. It should be noted that in some cases pixel values may be described as including sample values for respective components of video data, which may also be referred to as color components, (e.g., luma (Y) and chroma (Cb and Cr) components or red, green, and blue components). It should be noted that in some cases, the terms pixel value and sample value are used interchangeably. Further, in some cases, a pixel or sample may be referred to as a pe1. A video sampling format, which may also be referred to as a chroma format, may define the number of chroma samples included in a video block with respect to the number of luma samples included in a video block. For example, for the 4:2:0 sampling format, the sampling rate for the luma component is twice that of the chroma components for both the horizontal and vertical directions.

A video encoder may perform predictive encoding on video blocks and sub-divisions thereof. Video blocks and sub-divisions thereof may be referred to as nodes. ITU-T H.264 specifies a macroblock including 16×16 luma samples. That is, in ITU-T H.264, a picture is segmented into macroblocks. ITU-T H.265 specifies an analogous Coding Tree Unit (CTU) structure (which may be referred to as a largest coding unit (LCU)). In ITU-T H.265, pictures are segmented into CTUs. In ITU-T H.265, for a picture, a CTU size may be set as including 16×16, 32×32, or 64×64 luma samples. In ITU-T H.265, a CTU is composed of respective Coding Tree Blocks (CTB) for each component of video data (e.g., luma (Y) and chroma (Cb and Cr). It should be noted that video having one luma component and the two corresponding chroma components may be described as having two channels, i.e., a luma channel and a chroma channel. Further, in ITU-T H.265, a CTU may be partitioned according to a quadtree (QT) partitioning structure, which results in the CTBs of the CTU being partitioned into Coding Blocks (CB). That is, in ITU-T H.265, a CTU may be partitioned into quadtree leaf nodes. According to ITU-T H.265, one luma CB together with two corresponding chroma CBs and associated syntax elements are referred to as a coding unit (CU). In ITU-T H.265, a minimum allowed size of a CB may be signaled. In ITU-T H.265, the smallest minimum allowed size of a luma CB is 8×8 luma samples. In ITU-T H.265, the decision to code a picture area using intra prediction or inter prediction is made at the CU level.

In ITU-T H.265, a CU is associated with a prediction unit structure having its root at the CU. In ITU-T H.265, prediction unit structures allow luma and chroma CBs to be split for purposes of generating corresponding reference samples. That is, in ITU-T H.265, luma and chroma CBs may be split into respective luma and chroma prediction blocks (PBs), where a PB includes a block of sample values for which the same prediction is applied. In ITU-T H.265, a CB may be partitioned into 1, 2, or 4 PBs. ITU-T H.265 supports PB sizes from 64×64 samples down to 4×4 samples. In ITU-T H.265, square PBs are supported for intra prediction, where a CB may form the PB or the CB may be split into four square PBs. In ITU-T H.265, in addition to the square PBs, rectangular PBs are supported for inter prediction, where a CB may be halved vertically or horizontally to form PBs. Further, it should be noted that in ITU-T H.265, for inter prediction, four asymmetric PB partitions are supported, where the CB is partitioned into two PBs at one quarter of the height (at the top or the bottom) or width (at the left or the right) of the CB. Intra prediction data (e.g., intra prediction mode syntax elements) or inter prediction data (e.g., motion data syntax elements) corresponding to a PB is used to produce reference and/or predicted sample values for the PB.

JEM specifies a CTU having a maximum size of 256×256 luma samples. JEM specifies a quadtree plus binary tree (QTBT) block structure. In JEM, the QTBT structure enables quadtree leaf nodes to be further partitioned by a binary tree (BT) structure. That is, in JEM, the binary tree structure enables quadtree leaf nodes to be recursively divided vertically or horizontally. In JVET-T2001, CTUs are partitioned according a quadtree plus multi-type tree (QTMT or QT+MTT) structure. The QTMT in JVET-T2001 is similar to the QTBT in JEM. However, in JVET-T2001, in addition to indicating binary splits, the multi-type tree may indicate so-called ternary (or triple tree (TT)) splits. A ternary split divides a block vertically or horizontally into three blocks. In the case of a vertical TT split, a block is divided at one quarter of its width from the left edge and at one quarter its width from the right edge and in the case of a horizontal TT split a block is at one quarter of its height from the top edge and at one quarter of its height from the bottom edge.

As described above, each video frame or picture may be divided into one or more regions. For example, according to ITU-T H.265, each video frame or picture may be partitioned to include one or more slices and further partitioned to include one or more tiles, where each slice includes a sequence of CTUs (e.g., in raster scan order) and where a tile is a sequence of CTUs corresponding to a rectangular area of a picture. It should be noted that a slice, in ITU-T H.265, is a sequence of one or more slice segments starting with an independent slice segment and containing all subsequent dependent slice segments (if any) that precede the next independent slice segment (if any). A slice segment, like a slice, is a sequence of CTUs. Thus, in some cases, the terms slice and slice segment may be used interchangeably to indicate a sequence of CTUs arranged in a raster scan order. Further, it should be noted that in ITU-T H.265, a tile may consist of CTUs contained in more than one slice and a slice may consist of CTUs contained in more than one tile. However, ITU-T H.265 provides that one or both of the following conditions shall be fulfilled: (1) All CTUs in a slice belong to the same tile; and (2) All CTUs in a tile belong to the same slice.

With respect to JVET-T2001, slices are required to consist of an integer number of complete tiles or an integer number of consecutive complete CTU rows within a tile, instead of only being required to consist of an integer number of CTUs. It should be noted that in JVET-T2001, the slice design does not include slice segments (i.e., no independent/dependent slice segments). Thus, in JVET-T2001, a picture may include a single tile, where the single tile is contained within a single slice or a picture may include multiple tiles where the multiple tiles (or CTU rows thereof) may be contained within one or more slices. In JVET-T2001, the partitioning of a picture into tiles is specified by specifying respective heights for tile rows and respective widths for tile columns. Thus, in JVET-T2001 a tile is a rectangular region of CTUs within a particular tile row and a particular tile column position. Further, it should be noted that JVET-T2001 provides where a picture may be partitioned into subpictures, where a subpicture is a rectangular region of a CTUs within a picture. The top-left CTU of a subpicture may be located at any CTU position within a picture with subpictures being constrained to include one or more slices Thus, unlike a tile, a subpicture is not necessarily limited to a particular row and column position. It should be noted that subpictures may be useful for encapsulating regions of interest within a picture and a sub-bitstream extraction process may be used to only decode and display a particular region of interest. That is, as described in further detail below, a bitstream of coded video data includes a sequence of network abstraction layer (NAL) units, where a NAL unit encapsulates coded video data, (i.e., video data corresponding to a slice of picture) or a NAL unit encapsulates metadata used for decoding video data (e.g., a parameter set) and a sub-bitstream extraction process forms a new bitstream by removing one or more NAL units from a bitstream.

FIG. 2 is a conceptual diagram illustrating an example of a picture within a group of pictures partitioned according to tiles, slices, and subpictures. It should be noted that the techniques described herein may be applicable to tiles, slices, subpictures, sub-divisions thereof and/or equivalent structures thereto. That is, the techniques described herein may be generally applicable regardless of how a picture is partitioned into regions. For example, in some cases, the techniques described herein may be applicable in cases where a tile may be partitioned into so-called bricks, where a brick is a rectangular region of CTU rows within a particular tile. Further, for example, in some cases, the techniques described herein may be applicable in cases where one or more tiles may be included in so-called tile groups, where a tile group includes an integer number of adjacent tiles. In the example illustrated in FIG. 2 , Pic₃ is illustrated as including 16 tiles (i.e., Tile₀ to Tile₁₅) and three slices (i.e., Slice₀ to Slice₂). In the example illustrated in FIG. 2 , Slice₀ includes four tiles (i.e., Tile₀ to Tile₃), Slice₁ includes eight tiles (i.e., Tile₄ to Tile₁₁), and Slice₂ includes four tiles (i.e., Tile₁₂ to Tile₁₅). Further, as illustrated in the example of FIG. 2 , Pic₃ is illustrated as including two subpictures (i.e., Subpicture₀ and Subpicture₁), where Subpicture₀ includes Slice₀ and Slice₁ and where Subpicture₁ includes Slice₂. As described above, subpictures may be useful for encapsulating regions of interest within a picture and a sub-bitstream extraction process may be used in order to selectively decode (and display) a region interest. For example, referring to FIG. 2 , Subpicture₀ may corresponding to an action portion of a sporting event presentation (e.g., a view of the field) and Subpicture₁ may corresponding to a scrolling banner displayed during the sporting event presentation. By using organizing a picture into subpictures in this manner, a viewer may be able to disable the display of the scrolling banner. That is, through a sub-bitstream extraction process Slice₂ NAL unit may be removed from a bitstream (and thus not decoded and/or displayed) and Slice₀ NAL unit and Slice₁ NAL unit may be decoded and displayed. The encapsulation of slices of a picture into respective NAL unit data structures and sub-bitstream extraction are described in further detail below.

For intra prediction coding, an intra prediction mode may specify the location of reference samples within a picture. In ITU-T H.265, defined possible intra prediction modes include a planar (i.e., surface fitting) prediction mode, a DC (i.e., flat overall averaging) prediction mode, and 33 angular prediction modes (predMode: 2-34). In JEM, defined possible intra-prediction modes include a planar prediction mode, a DC prediction mode, and 65 angular prediction modes. It should be noted that planar and DC prediction modes may be referred to as non-directional prediction modes and that angular prediction modes may be referred to as directional prediction modes. It should be noted that the techniques described herein may be generally applicable regardless of the number of defined possible prediction modes.

For inter prediction coding, a reference picture is determined and a motion vector (MV) identifies samples in the reference picture that are used to generate a prediction for a current video block. For example, a current video block may be predicted using reference sample values located in one or more previously coded picture(s) and a motion vector is used to indicate the location of the reference block relative to the current video block. A motion vector may describe, for example, a horizontal displacement component of the motion vector (i.e., MV_(x)), a vertical displacement component of the motion vector (i.e., MV_(y)), and a resolution for the motion vector (e.g., one-quarter pixel precision, one-half pixel precision, one-pixel precision, two-pixel precision, four-pixel precision). Previously decoded pictures, which may include pictures output before or after a current picture, may be organized into one or more to reference pictures lists and identified using a reference picture index value. Further, in inter prediction coding, uni-prediction refers to generating a prediction using sample values from a single reference picture and bi-prediction refers to generating a prediction using respective sample values from two reference pictures. That is, in uni-prediction, a single reference picture and corresponding motion vector are used to generate a prediction for a current video block and in bi-prediction, a first reference picture and corresponding first motion vector and a second reference picture and corresponding second motion vector are used to generate a prediction for a current video block. In bi-prediction, respective sample values are combined (e.g., added, rounded, and clipped, or averaged according to weights) to generate a prediction. Pictures and regions thereof may be classified based on which types of prediction modes may be utilized for encoding video blocks thereof. That is, for regions having a B type (e.g., a B slice), bi-prediction, uni-prediction, and intra prediction modes may be utilized, for regions having a P type (e.g., a P slice), uni-prediction, and intra prediction modes may be utilized, and for regions having an I type (e.g., an I slice), only intra prediction modes may be utilized. As described above, reference pictures are identified through reference indices. For example, for a P slice, there may be a single reference picture list, RefPicList0 and for a B slice, there may be a second independent reference picture list, RefPicList1, in addition to RefPicList0. It should be noted that for uni-prediction in a B slice, one of RefPicList0 or RefPicList1 may be used to generate a prediction. Further, it should be noted that during the decoding process, at the onset of decoding a picture, reference picture list(s) are generated from previously decoded pictures stored in a decoded picture buffer (DPB).

Further, a coding standard may support various modes of motion vector prediction. Motion vector prediction enables the value of a motion vector for a current video block to be derived based on another motion vector. For example, a set of candidate blocks having associated motion information may be derived from spatial neighboring blocks and temporal neighboring blocks to the current video block. Further, generated (or default) motion information may be used for motion vector prediction. Examples of motion vector prediction include advanced motion vector prediction (AMVP), temporal motion vector prediction (TMVP), so-called “merge” mode, and “skip” and “direct” motion inference. Further, other examples of motion vector prediction include advanced temporal motion vector prediction (ATMVP) and Spatial-temporal motion vector prediction (STMVP). For motion vector prediction, both a video encoder and video decoder perform the same process to derive a set of candidates. Thus, for a current video block, the same set of candidates is generated during encoding and decoding.

As described above, for inter prediction coding, reference samples in a previously coded picture are used for coding video blocks in a current picture. Previously coded pictures which are available for use as reference when coding a current picture are referred as reference pictures. It should be noted that the decoding order does not necessary correspond with the picture output order, i.e., the temporal order of pictures in a video sequence. In ITU-T H.265, when a picture is decoded it is stored to a decoded picture buffer (DPB) (which may be referred to as frame buffer, a reference buffer, a reference picture buffer, or the like). In ITU-T H.265, pictures stored to the DPB are removed from the DPB when they been output and are no longer needed for coding subsequent pictures. In ITU-T H.265, a determination of whether pictures should be removed from the DPB is invoked once per picture, after decoding a slice header, i.e., at the onset of decoding a picture. For example, referring to FIG. 2 , Pic₂ is illustrated as referencing Pic₁. Similarly, Pic₃ is illustrated as referencing Pic₀. With respect to FIG. 2 , assuming the picture number corresponds to the decoding order, the DPB would be populated as follows: after decoding Pic₀, the DPB would include {Pic₀}; at the onset of decoding Pic₁, the DPB would include {Pic₀}; after decoding Pic₁, the DPB would include {Pic₀, Pic₁}; at the onset of decoding Pic₂, the DPB would include {Pic₀, Pict}. Pic₂ would then be decoded with reference to Pic₁ and after decoding Pic₂, the DPB would include {Pic₀, Pic₁, Pic₂}. At the onset of decoding Pic₃, pictures Pic₀ and Pic₁ would be marked for removal from the DPB, as they are not needed for decoding Pic₃ (or any subsequent pictures, not shown) and assuming Pic₁ and Pic₂ have been output, the DPB would be updated to include {Pic₀}. Pic₃ would then be decoded by referencing Pic₀. The process of marking pictures for removal from a DPB may be referred to as reference picture set (RPS) management.

As described above, intra prediction data or inter prediction data is used to produce reference sample values for a block of sample values. The difference between sample values included in a current PB, or another type of picture area structure, and associated reference samples (e.g., those generated using a prediction) may be referred to as residual data. Residual data may include respective arrays of difference values corresponding to each component of video data. Residual data may be in the pixel domain. A transform, such as, a discrete cosine transform (DCT), a discrete sine transform (DST), an integer transform, a wavelet transform, or a conceptually similar transform, may be applied to an array of difference values to generate transform coefficients. It should be noted that in ITU-T H.265 and JVET-T2001, a CU is associated with a transform tree structure having its root at the CU level. The transform tree is partitioned into one or more transform units (TUs). That is, an array of difference values may be partitioned for purposes of generating transform coefficients (e.g., four 8×8 transforms may be applied to a 16×16 array of residual values). For each component of video data, such sub-divisions of difference values may be referred to as Transform Blocks (TBs). It should be noted that in some cases, a core transform and subsequent secondary transforms may be applied (in the video encoder) to generate transform coefficients. For a video decoder, the order of transforms is reversed.

A quantization process may be performed on transform coefficients or residual sample values directly (e.g., in the case, of palette coding quantization). Quantization approximates transform coefficients by amplitudes restricted to a set of specified values. Quantization essentially scales transform coefficients in order to vary the amount of data required to represent a group of transform coefficients. Quantization may include division of transform coefficients (or values resulting from the addition of an offset value to transform coefficients) by a quantization scaling factor and any associated rounding functions (e.g., rounding to the nearest integer). Quantized transform coefficients may be referred to as coefficient level values. Inverse quantization (or “dequantization”) may include multiplication of coefficient level values by the quantization scaling factor, and any reciprocal rounding or offset addition operations. It should be noted that as used herein the term quantization process in some instances may refer to division by a scaling factor to generate level values and multiplication by a scaling factor to recover transform coefficients in some instances. That is, a quantization process may refer to quantization in some cases and inverse quantization in some cases. Further, it should be noted that although in some of the examples below quantization processes are described with respect to arithmetic operations associated with decimal notation, such descriptions are for illustrative purposes and should not be construed as limiting. For example, the techniques described herein may be implemented in a device using binary operations and the like. For example, multiplication and division operations described herein may be implemented using bit shifting operations and the like.

Quantized transform coefficients and syntax elements (e.g., syntax elements indicating a coding structure for a video block) may be entropy coded according to an entropy coding technique. An entropy coding process includes coding values of syntax elements using lossless data compression algorithms. Examples of entropy coding techniques include content adaptive variable length coding (CAVLC), context adaptive binary arithmetic coding (CABAC), probability interval partitioning entropy coding (PIPE), and the like. Entropy encoded quantized transform coefficients and corresponding entropy encoded syntax elements may form a compliant bitstream that can be used to reproduce video data at a video decoder. An entropy coding process, for example, CABAC, may include performing a binarization on syntax elements. Binarization refers to the process of converting a value of a syntax element into a series of one or more bits. These bits may be referred to as “bins.” Binarization may include one or a combination of the following coding techniques: fixed length coding, unary coding, truncated unary coding, truncated Rice coding, Golomb coding, k-th order exponential Golomb coding, and Golomb-Rice coding. For example, binarization may include representing the integer value of 5 for a syntax element as 00000101 using an 8-bit fixed length binarization technique or representing the integer value of 5 as 11110 using a unary coding binarization technique. As used herein each of the terms fixed length coding, unary coding, truncated unary coding, truncated Rice coding, Golomb coding, k-th order exponential Golomb coding, and Golomb-Rice coding may refer to general implementations of these techniques and/or more specific implementations of these coding techniques. For example, a Golomb-Rice coding implementation may be specifically defined according to a video coding standard. In the example of CABAC, for a particular bin, a context provides a most probable state (MPS) value for the bin (i.e., an MPS for a bin is one of 0 or 1) and a probability value of the bin being the MPS or the least probably state (LPS). For example, a context may indicate, that the MPS of a bin is 0 and the probability of the bin being 1 is 0.3. It should be noted that a context may be determined based on values of previously coded bins including bins in the current syntax element and previously coded syntax elements. For example, values of syntax elements associated with neighboring video blocks may be used to determine a context for a current bin.

With respect to the equations used herein, the following arithmetic operators may be used:

-   -   + Addition     -   − Subtraction     -   * Multiplication, including matrix multiplication     -   x^(y) Exponentiation. Specifies x to the power of y. In other         contexts, such notation is used for superscripting not intended         for interpretation as exponentiation.     -   / Integer division with truncation of the result toward zero.         For example, 7/4 and −7/−4 are truncated to 1 and −7/4 and 7/−4         are truncated to −1.     -   ÷ Used to denote division in mathematical equations where no         truncation or rounding is intended.     -   x/y Used to denote division in mathematical equations where no         truncation or rounding is intended.

Further, the following mathematical functions may be used:

-   -   Log 2(x) the base-2 logarithm of x;

${{Min}\left( {x,y} \right)} = \left\{ {\begin{matrix} {x;} & {x<=y} \\ {y;} & {x > y} \end{matrix};} \right.$ ${{Max}\left( {x,\ y} \right)} = \left\{ \begin{matrix} {x;} & {x>=y} \\ {y;} & {x < y} \end{matrix} \right.$

-   -   Ceil(x) the smallest integer greater than or equal to x.

With respect to the example syntax used herein, the following definitions of logical operators may be applied:

-   -   x && y Boolean logical “and” of x and y     -   x∥y Boolean logical “or” of x and y     -   ! Boolean logical “not”     -   x?y:z If x is TRUE or not equal to 0, evaluates to the value of         y; otherwise, evaluates to the value of z.

Further, the following relational operators may be applied:

-   -   > Greater than     -   >= Greater than or equal to     -   < Less than     -   <= Less than or equal to     -   = Equal to     -   != Not equal to

Further, it should be noted that in the syntax descriptors used herein, the following descriptors may be applied:

-   -   b(8): byte having any pattern of bit string (8 bits). The         parsing process for this descriptor is specified by the return         value of the function read_bits(8).     -   f(n): fixed-pattern bit string using n bits written (from left         to right) with the left bit first. The parsing process for this         descriptor is specified by the return value of the function         read_bits(n).     -   se(v): signed integer 0-th order Exp-Golomb-coded syntax element         with the left bit first.     -   tb(v): truncated binary using up to maxVa1 bits with maxVa1         defined in the semantics of the symtax element.     -   tu(v): truncated unary using up to maxVa1 bits with maxVa1         defined in the semantics of the symtax element.     -   u(n): unsigned integer using n bits. When n is “v” in the syntax         table, the number of bits varies in a manner dependent on the         value of other syntax elements. The parsing process for this         descriptor is specified by the return value of the function         read_bits(n) interpreted as a binary representation of an         unsigned integer with most significant bit written first.     -   ue(v): unsigned integer 0-th order Exp-Golomb-coded syntax         element with the left bit first.

As described above, video content includes video sequences comprised of a series of pictures and each picture may be divided into one or more regions. In JVET-T2001, a coded representation of a picture comprises VCL NAL units of a particular layer within an AU and contains all CTUs of the picture. For example, referring again to FIG. 2 , the coded representation of Pic₃ is encapsulated in three coded slice NAL units (i.e., Slice₀ NAL unit, Slice₁ NAL unit, and Slice₂ NAL unit). It should be noted that the term video coding layer (VCL) NAL unit is used as a collective term for coded slice NAL units, i.e., VCL NAL is a collective term which includes all types of slice NAL units. As described above, and in further detail below, a NAL unit may encapsulate metadata used for decoding video data. A NAL unit encapsulating metadata used for decoding a video sequence is generally referred to as a non-VCL NAL unit. Thus, in JVET-T2001, a NAL unit may be a VCL NAL unit or a non-VCL NAL unit. It should be noted that a VCL NAL unit includes slice header data, which provides information used for decoding the particular slice. Thus, in JVET-T2001, information used for decoding video data, which may be referred to as metadata in some cases, is not limited to being included in non-VCL NAL units. JVET-T2001 provides where a picture unit (PU) is a set of NAL units that are associated with each other according to a specified classification rule, are consecutive in decoding order, and contain exactly one coded picture and where an access unit (AU) is a set of PUs that belong to different layers and contain coded pictures associated with the same time for output from the DPB. JVET-T2001 further provides where a layer is a set of VCL NAL units that all have a particular value of a layer identifier and the associated non-VCL NAL units. Further, in JVET-T2001, a PU consists of zero or one PH NAL units, one coded picture, which comprises of one or more VCL NAL units, and zero or more other non-VCL NAL units. Further, in JVET-T2001, a coded video sequence (CVS) is a sequence of AUs that consists, in decoding order, of a CVSS AU, followed by zero or more AUs that are not CVSS AUs, including all subsequent AUs up to but not including any subsequent AU that is a CVSS AU, where a coded video sequence start (CVSS) AU is an AU in which there is a PU for each layer in the CVS and the coded picture in each present picture unit is a coded layer video sequence start (CLVSS) picture. In JVET-T2001, a coded layer video sequence (CLVS) is a sequence of PUs within the same layer that consists, in decoding order, of a CLVSS PU, followed by zero or more PUs that are not CLVSS PUs, including all subsequent PUs up to but not including any subsequent PU that is a CLVSS PU. This is, in JVET-T2001, a bitstream may be described as including a sequence of AUs forming one or more CVSs.

Multi-layer video coding enables a video presentation to be decoded/displayed as a presentation corresponding to a base layer of video data and decoded/displayed one or more additional presentations corresponding to enhancement layers of video data. For example, a base layer may enable a video presentation having a basic level of quality (e.g., a High Definition rendering and/or a 30 Hz frame rate) to be presented and an enhancement layer may enable a video presentation having an enhanced level of quality (e.g., an Ultra High Definition rendering and/or a 60 Hz frame rate) to be presented. An enhancement layer may be coded by referencing a base layer. That is, for example, a picture in an enhancement layer may be coded (e.g., using inter-layer prediction techniques) by referencing one or more pictures (including scaled versions thereof) in a base layer. It should be noted that layers may also be coded independent of each other. In this case, there may not be inter-layer prediction between two layers. Each NAL unit may include an identifier indicating a layer of video data the NAL unit is associated with. As described above, a sub-bitstream extraction process may be used to only decode and display a particular region of interest of a picture. Further, a sub-bitstream extraction process may be used to only decode and display a particular layer of video. Sub-bitstream extraction may refer to a process where a device receiving a compliant or conforming bitstream forms a new compliant or conforming bitstream by discarding and/or modifying data in the received bitstream. For example, sub-bitstream extraction may be used to form a new compliant or conforming bitstream corresponding to a particular representation of video (e.g., a high quality representation).

In JVET-T2001, each of a video sequence, a GOP, a picture, a slice, and CTU may be associated with metadata that describes video coding properties and some types of metadata an encapsulated in non-VCL NAL units. JVET-T2001 defines parameters sets that may be used to describe video data and/or video coding properties. In particular, JVET-T2001 includes the following four types of parameter sets: video parameter set (VPS), sequence parameter set (SPS), picture parameter set (PPS), and adaption parameter set (APS), where a SPS applies to apply to zero or more entire CVSs, a PPS applies to zero or more entire coded pictures, a APS applies to zero or more slices, and a VPS may be optionally referenced by a SPS. A PPS applies to an individual coded picture that refers to it. In JVET-T2001, parameter sets may be encapsulated as a non-VCL NAL unit and/or may be signaled as a message. JVET-T2001 also includes a picture header (PH) which is encapsulated as a non-VCL NAL unit. In JVET-T2001, a picture header applies to all slices of a coded picture. JVET-T2001 further enables decoding capability information (DCI) and supplemental enhancement information (SEI) messages to be signaled. In JVET-T2001, DCI and SEI messages assist in processes related to decoding, display or other purposes, however, DCI and SEI messages may not be required for constructing the luma or chroma samples according to a decoding process. In JVET-T2001, DCI and SEI messages may be signaled in a bitstream using non-VCL NAL units. Further, DCI and SEI messages may be conveyed by some mechanism other than by being present in the bitstream (i.e., signaled out-of-band).

FIG. 3 illustrates an example of a bitstream including multiple CVSs, where a CVS includes AUs, and AUs include picture units. The example illustrated in FIG. 3 corresponds to an example of encapsulating the slice NAL units illustrated in the example of FIG. 2 in a bitstream. In the example illustrated in FIG. 3 , the corresponding picture unit for Pic₃ includes the three VCL NAL coded slice NAL units, i.e., Slice₀ NAL unit, Slice₁ NAL unit, and Slice₂ NAL unit and two non-VCL NAL units, i.e., a PPS NAL Unit and a PH NAL unit. It should be noted that in FIG. 3 , HEADER is a NAL unit header (i.e., not to be confused with a slice header). Further, it should be noted that in FIG. 3 , other non-VCL NAL units, which are not illustrated may be included in the CVSs, e.g., SPS NAL units, VPS NAL units, SEI message NAL units, etc. Further, it should be noted that in other examples, a PPS NAL Unit used for decoding Pic₃ may be included elsewhere in the bitstream, e.g., in the picture unit corresponding to Pic₀ or may be provided by an external mechanism. As described in further detail below, in JVET-T2001, a PH syntax structure may be present in the slice header of a VCL NAL unit or in a PH NAL unit of the current PU.

JVET-T2001 defines NAL unit header semantics that specify the type of Raw Byte Sequence Payload (RBSP) data structure included in the NAL unit. Table 1 illustrates the syntax of the NAL unit header provided in JVET-T2001.

TABLE 1 Descriptor nal_unit_header( ) {  forbidden_zero_bit f(1)  nuh_reserved_zero_bit u(1)  nuh_layer_id u(6)  nal_unit_type u(5)  nuh_temporal_id_plus1 u(3) }

JVET-T2001 provides the following definitions for the respective syntax elements illustrated in Table 1.

-   -   forbidden_zero_bit shall be equal to 0.     -   nuh_reserved_zero_bit shall be equal to 0. The value 1 of         nuh_reserved_zero_bit could be specified in the future by         ITU-T|ISO/IEC. Although the value of nuh_reserved_zero_bit is         required to be equal to 0 in this version of this Specification,         decoders conforming to this version of this Specification shall         allow the value of nuh_reserved_zero_bit equal to 1 to appear in         the syntax and shall ignore (i.e. remove from the bitstream and         discard) NAL units with nuh_reserved_zero_bit equal to 1.     -   nuh_layer_id specifies the identifier of the layer to which a         VCL NAL unit belongs or the identifier of a layer to which a         non-VCL NAL unit applies. The value of nuh_layer_id shall be in         the range of 0 to 55, inclusive. Other values for nuh_layer_id         are reserved for future use by ITU-T|ISO/IEC. Although the value         of nuh_layer_id is required to be the range of 0 to 55,         inclusive, in this version of this Specification, decoders         conforming to this version of this Specification shall allow the         value of nuh_layer_id to be greater than 55 to appear in the         syntax and shall ignore (i.e. remove from the bitstream and         discard) NAL units with nuh_layer_id greater than 55.     -   The value of nuh_layer_id shall be the same for all VCL NAL         units of a coded picture. The value of nuh_layer_id of a coded         picture or a PU is the value of the nuh_layer_id of the VCL NAL         units of the coded picture or the PU.     -   When nal_unit_type is equal to PH_NUT, or FD_NUT, nuh_layer_id         shall be equal to the nuh_layer_id of associated VCL NAL unit.     -   When nal_unit_type is equal to EOS_NUT, nuh_layer_id shall be         equal to one of the nuh_layer_id values of the layers present in         the CVS.     -   NOTE—The value of nuh_layer_id for DCI, OPI, VPS, AUD, and EOB         NAL units is not constrained.     -   nuh_temporal_id_plus1 minus 1 specifies a temporal identifier         for the NAL unit.     -   The value of nuh_temporal_id_plus1 shall not be equal to 0.     -   The variable TemporalId is derived as follows:         TemporalId=nuh_temporal_id_plus1−1     -   When nal_unit_type is in the range of IDR_W_RADL to RSV_IRAP_11,         inclusive, TemporalId shall be equal to 0.     -   When nal_unit_type is equal to STSA_NUT and     -   vps_independent_layer_flag[GeneralLayerIdx[nuh_layer_id] ] is         equal to 1, TemporalId shall be greater than 0.     -   The value of TemporalId shall be the same for all VCL NAL units         of an AU. The value of TemporalId of a coded picture, a PU, or         an AU is the value of the TemporalId of the VCL NAL units of the         coded picture, PU, or AU. The value of TemporalId of a sublayer         representation is the greatest value of TemporalId of all VCL         NAL units in the sublayer representation.     -   The value of TemporalId for non-VCL NAL units is constrained as         follows:         -   If nal_unit_type is equal to DCI_NUT, OPI_NUT, VPS_NUT, or             SPS_NUT, TemporalId shall be equal to 0 and the TemporalId             of the AU containing the NAL unit shall be equal to 0.         -   Otherwise, if nal_unit_type is equal to PH_NUT, TemporalId             shall be equal to the TemporalId of the PU containing the             NAL unit.         -   Otherwise, if nal_unit_type is equal to EOS_NUT or EOB_NUT,             TemporalId shall be equal to 0.         -   Otherwise, if nal_unit_type is equal to AUD NUT, FD_NUT,             PREFIX_SEI_NUT, or SUFFIX_SEI_NUT, TemporalId shall be equal             to the TemporalId of the AU containing the NAL unit.         -   Otherwise, when nal_unit_type is equal to PPS_NUT,             PREFIX_APS_NUT, or SUFFIX_APS_NUT, TemporalId shall be             greater than or equal to the TemporalId of the PU containing             the NAL unit.     -   NOTE—When the NAL unit is a non-VCL NAL unit, the value of         TemporalId is equal to the minimum value of the TemporalId         values of all AUs to which the non-VCL NAL unit applies. When         nal_unit_type is equal to PPS_NUT, PREFIX_APS_NUT, or         SUFFIX_APS_NUT, TemporalId could be greater than or equal to the         TemporalId of the containing AU, as all PPSs and APSs could be         included in the beginning of the bitstream (e.g., when they are         transported out-of-band, and the receiver places them at the         beginning of the bitstream), wherein the first coded picture has         TemporalId equal to 0.     -   nal_unit_type specifies the NAL unit type, i.e., the type of         RBSP data structure contained in the NAL unit as specified in         Table 2.     -   NAL units that have nal_unit_type in the range of         UNSPEC28..UNSPEC31, inclusive, for which semantics are not         specified, shall not affect the decoding process specified in         this Specification.     -   NOTE—NAL unit types in the range of UNSPEC_28..UNSPEC_31 could         be used as determined by the application. No decoding process         for these values of nal_unit_type is specified in this         Specification. Since different applications might use these NAL         unit types for different purposes, particular care is expected         to be exercised in the design of encoders that generate NAL         units with these nal_unit_type values, and in the design of         decoders that interpret the content of NAL units with these         nal_unit_type values. This Specification does not define any         management for these values. These nal_unit_type values might         only be suitable for use in contexts in which “collisions” of         usage (i.e., different definitions of the meaning of the NAL         unit content for the same nal_unit_type value) are unimportant,         or not possible, or are managed—e.g., defined or managed in the         controlling application or transport specification, or by         controlling the environment in which bitstreams are distributed.     -   For purposes other than determining the amount of data in the         DUs of the bitstream (as specified in Annex C), decoders shall         ignore (remove from the bitstream and discard) the contents of         all NAL units that use reserved values of nal_unit_type.         NOTE—This requirement allows future definition of compatible         extensions to this Specification.

TABLE 2 Name of Content of NAL unit nal_unit_type nal_unit_type NAL unit and RBSP syntax structure type class  0 TRAIL_NUT Coded slice of a trailing picture or subpicture* VCL slice_layer_rbsp( )  1 STSA_NUT Coded slice of an STSA picture or subpicture* VCL slice_layer_rbsp( )  2 RADL_NUT Coded slice of a RADL picture or subpicture* VCL slice_layer_rbsp( )  3 RASL_NUT Coded slice of a RASL picture or subpicture* VCL slice_layer_rbsp( )  4 . . . 6 RSV_VCL_4 . . . Reserved non-IRAP VCL NAL unit types VCL RSV_VCL_6  7 IDR_W_RADL Coded slice of an IDR picture or subpicture* VCL  8 IDR_N_LP slice_layer_rbsp( )  9 CRA_NUT Coded slice of a CRA picture or subpicture* VCL slice_layer_rbsp( ) 10 GDR_NUT Coded slice of a GDR picture or subpicture* VCL slice_layer_rbsp( ) 11 RSV_IRAP_11 Reserved IRAP VCL NAL unit type VCL 12 OPI_NUT Operating point information non-VCL operating_point_information_rbsp( ) 13 DCI_NUT Decoding capability information non-VCL decoding_capability_information_rbsp( ) 14 VPS_NUT Video parameter set non-VCL video_parameter_set_rbsp( ) 15 SPS_NUT Sequence parameter set non-VCL seq_parameter_set_rbsp( ) 16 PPS_NUT Picture parameter set non-VCL pic_parameter_set_rbsp( ) 17 PREFIX_APS_NUT Adaptation parameter set non-VCL 18 SUFFIX_APS_NUT adaptation_parameter_set_rbsp( ) 19 PH_NUT Picture header non-VCL picture_header_rbsp( ) 20 AUD_NUT AU delimiter non-VCL access_unit_delimiter_rbsp( ) 21 EOS_NUT End of sequence non-VCL end_of_seq_rbsp( ) 22 EOB_NUT End of bitstream non-VCL end_of_bitstream_rbsp( ) 23 PREFIX_SEI_NUT Supplemental enhancement information non-VCL 24 SUFFIX_SEI_NUT sei_rbsp( ) 25 FD_NUT Filler data non-VCL filler_data_rbsp( ) 26 RSV_NVCL_26 Reserved non-VCL NAL unit types non-VCL 27 RSV_NVCL_27 28 . . . 31 UNSPEC_28 . . . Unspecified non-VCL NAL unit types non-VCL UNSPEC_31 *indicates a property of a picture when pps_mixed_nalu_types_in_pic_flag is equal to 0 and a property of the subpicture when pps_mixed_nalu_types_in_pic_flag is equal to 1.

-   -   NOTE—A clean random access (CRA) picture may have associated         RASL or RADL pictures present in the bitstream.     -   NOTE—An instantaneous decoding refresh (IDR) picture having         nal_unit_type equal to IDR_N_LP does not have associated leading         pictures present in the bitstream. An IDR picture having         nal_unit_type equal to IDR_W_RADL does not have associated RASL         pictures present in the bitstream, but may have associated RADL         pictures in the bitstream.     -   The value of nal_unit_type shall be the same for all VCL NAL         units of a subpicture. A subpicture is referred to as having the         same NAL unit type as the VCL NAL units of the subpicture.     -   For VCL NAL units of any particular picture, the following         applies:         -   If pps_mixed_nalu_types_in_pic_flag is equal to 0, the value             of nal_unit_type shall be the same for all VCL NAL units of             a picture, and a picture or a PU is referred to as having             the same NAL unit type as the coded slice NAL units of the             picture or PU.         -   Otherwise (pps_mixed_nalu_types_in_pic_flag is equal to 1),             all of the following constraints apply:             -   The picture shall have at least two subpictures.             -   VCL NAL units of the picture shall have two or more                 different nal_unit_type values.             -   There shall be no VCL NAL unit of the picture that has                 nal_unit_type equal to GDR_NUT.             -   When a VCL NAL unit of the picture has nal_unit_type                 equal to nalUnitTypeA that is equal to IDR_W_RADL,                 IDR_N_LP, or CRA_NUT, other VCL NAL units of the picture                 shall all have nal_unit_type equal to nalUnitTypeA or                 TRAIL_NUT.     -   The value of nal_unit_type shall be the same for all pictures in         an IRAP or GDR AU.     -   When sps_video_parameter_set_id is greater than 0,         vps_max_tid_il_ref_pics_plus1[i][j] is equal to 0 for j equal to         GeneralLayerIdx[nuh_layer_id] and any value of i in the range of         j+1 to vps_max_layers_minus1, inclusive, and         pps_mixed_nalu_types_in_pic_flag is equal to 1, the value of         nal_unit_type shall not be equal to IDR_W_RADL, IDR_N_LP, or         CRA_NUT.     -   It is a requirement of bitstream conformance that the following         constraints apply:         -   When a picture is a leading picture of an IRAP picture, it             shall be a RADL or RASL picture.         -   When a subpicture is a leading subpicture of an IRAP             subpicture, it shall be a RADL or RASL subpicture.         -   When a picture is not a leading picture of an IRAP picture,             it shall not be a RADL or RASL picture.         -   When a subpicture is not a leading subpicture of an IRAP             subpicture, it shall not be a RADL or RASL subpicture.         -   No RASL pictures shall be present in the bitstream that are             associated with an IDR picture.         -   No RASL subpictures shall be present in the bitstream that             are associated with an IDR subpicture.         -   No RADL pictures shall be present in the bitstream that are             associated with an IDR picture having nal_unit_type equal to             IDR_N_LP.             -   NOTE—It is possible to perform random access at the                 position of an IRAP AU by discarding all PUs before the                 IRAP AU (and to correctly decode the non-RASL pictures                 in the IRAP AU and all the subsequent AUs in decoding                 order), provided each parameter set is available (either                 in the bitstream or by external means not specified in                 this Specification) when it is referenced.         -   No RADL subpictures shall be present in the bitstream that             are associated with an IDR subpicture having nal_unit_type             equal to IDR_N_LP.         -   Any picture, with nuh_layer_id equal to a particular value             layerId, that precedes an IRAP picture with nuh_layer_id             equal to layerId in decoding order shall precede the IRAP             picture in output order and shall precede any RADL picture             associated with the IRAP picture in output order.     -   Any subpicture, with nuh_layer_id equal to a particular value         layerId and subpicture index equal to a particular value         subpicIdx, that precedes, in decoding order, an IRAP subpicture         with nuh_layer_id equal to layerId and subpicture index equal to         subpicIdx shall precede, in output order, the IRAP subpicture         and all its associated RADL subpictures.     -   Any picture, with nuh_layer_id equal to a particular value         layerId, that precedes a recovery point picture with         nuh_layer_id equal to layerId in decoding order shall precede         the recovery point picture in output order.     -   Any subpicture, with nuh_layer_id equal to a particular value         layerId and subpicture index equal to a particular value         subpicIdx, that precedes, in decoding order, a subpicture with         nuh_layer_id equal to layerId and subpicture index equal to         subpicIdx in a recovery point picture shall precede that         subpicture in the recovery point picture in output order.     -   Any RASL picture associated with a CRA picture shall precede any         RADL picture associated with the CRA picture in output order.     -   Any RASL subpicture associated with a CRA subpicture shall         precede any RADL subpicture associated with the CRA subpicture         in output order.     -   Any RASL picture, with nuh_layer_id equal to a particular value         layerId, associated with a CRA picture shall follow, in output         order, any IRAP or GDR picture with nuh_layer_id equal to         layerId that precedes the CRA picture in decoding order.     -   Any RASL subpicture, with nuh_layer_id equal to a particular         value layerId and subpicture index equal to a particular value         subpicIdx, associated with a CRA subpicture shall follow, in         output order, any IRAP or GDR subpicture, with nuh_layer_id         equal to layerId and subpicture index equal to subpicIdx, that         precedes the CRA subpicture in decoding order.     -   If sps_field_seq_flag is equal to 0, the following applies: when         the current picture, with nuh_layer_id equal to a particular         value layerId, is a leading picture associated with an IRAP         picture, it shall precede, in decoding order, all non-leading         pictures that are associated with the same IRAP picture.         Otherwise (sps_field_seq_flag is equal to 1), let picA and picB         be the first and the last leading pictures, in decoding order,         associated with an IRAP picture, respectively, there shall be at         most one non-leading picture with nuh_layer_id equal to layerId         preceding picA in decoding order, and there shall be no         non-leading picture with nuh_layer_id equal to layerId between         picA and picB in decoding order.     -   If sps_field_seq_flag is equal to 0, the following applies: when         the current subpicture, with nuh_layer_id equal to a particular         value layerId and subpicture index equal to a particular value         subpicIdx, is a leading subpicture associated with an IRAP         subpicture, it shall precede, in decoding order, all non-leading         subpictures that are associated with the same IRAP subpicture.         Otherwise (sps_field_seq_flag is equal to 1), let subpicA and         subpicB be the first and the last leading subpictures, in         decoding order, associated with an IRAP subpicture,         respectively, there shall be at most one non-leading subpicture         with nuh_layer_id equal to layerId and subpicture index equal to         subpicIdx preceding subpicA in decoding order, and there shall         be no non-leading picture with nuh_layer_id equal to layerId and         subpicture index equal to subpicIdx between picA and picB in         decoding order.

It should be noted that generally, an Intra Random Access Point (IRAP) picture is a picture that does not refer to any pictures other than itself for prediction in its decoding process. In JVET-T2001, an IRAP picture may be a clean random access (CRA) picture or an instantaneous decoder refresh (IDR) picture. In JVET-T2001, the first picture in the bitstream in decoding order must be an IRAP or a gradual decoding refresh (GDR) picture. JVET-T2001 describes the concept of a leading picture, which is a picture that precedes the associated IRAP picture in output order. JVET-T2001 further describes the concept of a trailing picture which is a non-IRAP picture that follows the associated IRAP picture in output order. Trailing pictures associated with an IRAP picture also follow the IRAP picture in decoding order. For IDR pictures, there are no trailing pictures that require reference to a picture decoded prior to the IDR picture. JVET-T2001 provides where a CRA picture may have leading pictures that follow the CRA picture in decoding order and contain inter picture prediction references to pictures decoded prior to the CRA picture. Thus, when the CRA picture is used as a random access point these leading pictures may not be decodable and are identified as random access skipped leading (RASL) pictures. The other type of picture that can follow an IRAP picture in decoding order and precede it in output order is the random access decodable leading (RADL) picture, which cannot contain references to any pictures that precede the IRAP picture in decoding order. A GDR picture, is a picture for which each VCL NAL unit has nal_unit_type equal to GDR_NUT. If the current picture is a GDR picture that is associated with a picture header which signals a syntax element recovery_poc_cnt and there is a picture picA that follows the current GDR picture in decoding order in the CLVS and that has PicOrderCntVal equal to the PicOrderCntVal of the current GDR picture plus the value of recovery_poc_cnt, the picture picA is referred to as the recovery point picture.

As provided in Table 2, a NAL unit may include a decoding capability information (DCI) syntax structure. Table 3 illustrates the decoding capability information syntax structure provided in JVET-T2001.

TABLE 3 Descriptor decoding_capability_information_rbsp( ) {  dci_reserved_zero_4bits u(4)  dci_num_ptls_minus1 u(4)  for( i = 0; i <= dci_num_ptls_minus1; i++ )   profile_tier_level( 1, 0 )  dci_extension_flag u(1)  if( dci_extension_flag )   while( more_rbsp_data( ) )    dci_extension_data_flag u(1)  rbsp_trailing_bits( ) }

With respect to Table 3, JVET-T2001 provides the following semantics:

-   -   A DCI RBSP could be made available to the decoder, through         either being present in the bitstream, included in at least the         first AU of the bitstream, or provided through external means.         -   NOTE—The information contained in the DCI RBSP is not             necessary for operation of the decoding process specified in             clauses 2 through 9 of this Specification.     -   When present, all DCI NAL units in a bitstream shall have the         same content.     -   dci_reserved_zero_4bits shall be equal to 0 in bitstreams         conforming to this version of this Specification. The values         greater than 0 for dci_reserved_zero_4bits are reserved for         future use by ITU-T|ISO/IEC. Decoders shall allow values greater         than 0 for dci_reserved_zero_4bits to appear in the bitstream         and shall ignore the value of dci_reserved_zero_4bits.     -   dci_num_ptls_minus1 plus 1 specifies the number of         profile_tier_level( ) syntax structures in the DCI NAL unit. The         value of dci_num_ptls_minus1 shall be in the range of 0 to 14,         inclusive. The value 15 for dci_num_ptls_minus1 is reserved for         future use by ITU-T|ISO/IEC.     -   It is a requirement of bitstream conformance that each OLS in a         CVS in the bitstream shall conforms to at least one of the         profile_tier_level( ) syntax structures in the DCI NAL unit.         -   NOTE—The DCI NAL unit could include PTL information,             possibly carried in multiple profile_tier_level syntax             structures, that applies collectively to multiple OLSs, and             does not need to include PTL information for each of the             OLSs individually.     -   dci_extension_flag equal to 0 specifies that no         dci_extension_data_flag syntax elements are present in the DCI         RBSP syntax structure. dci_extension_flag equal to 1 specifies         that dci_extension_data_flag syntax elements might be present in         the DCI RBSP syntax structure. dci_extension_flag shall be equal         to 0 in bitstreams conforming to this version of this         Specification. However, some use of dci_extension_flag equal to         1 could be specified in some future version of this         Specification, and decoders conforming to this version of this         Specification shall allow the value of dci_extension_flag equal         to 1 to appear in the syntax.     -   dci_extension_data_flag could have any value. Its presence and         value do not affect the decoding process specified in this         version of this Specification. Decoders conforming to this         version of this Specification shall ignore all         dci_extension_data_flag syntax elements.

As provided in Table 2, a NAL unit may include a video parameter set (VPS) syntax structure. Table 4 illustrates the video parameter set syntax structure provided in JVET-T2001.

TABLE 4 Descriptor video_parameter_set_rbsp( ) {  vps_video_parameter_set_id u(4)  vps_max_layers_minus1 u(6)  vps_max_sublayers_minus1 u(3)  if( vps_max_layers_minus1 > 0 && vps_max_sublayers_minus1 > 0 )   vps_default_ptl_dpb_hrd_max_tid_flag u(1)  if( vps_max_layers_minus1 > 0 )   vps_all_independent_layers_flag u(1)  for( i = 0; i <= vps_max_layers_minus1; i++ ) {   vps_layer_id[ i ] u(6)   if( i > 0 && !vps_all_independent_layers_flag ) {    vps_independent_layer_flag[ i ] u(1)    if( !vps_independent_layer_flag[ i ] ) {     vps_max_tid_ref_present_flag[ i ] u(1)     for( j = 0; j < i; j++ ) {      vps_direct_ref_layer_flag[ i ][ j ] u(1)      if( vps_max_tid_ref_present_flag[ i ] && vps_direct_ref_layer_flag[ i ][ j ] )       vps_max_tid_il_ref_pics_plus1[ i ][ j ] u(3)     }    }   }  }  if( vps_max_layers_minus1 > 0 ) {   if( vps_all_independent_layers_flag )    vps_each_layer_is_an_ols_flag u(1)   if( !vps_each_layer_is_an_ols_flag ) {    if( !vps_all_independent_layers_flag )     vps_ols_mode_idc u(2)    if( vps_ols_mode_idc = = 2 ) {     vps_num_output_layer_sets_minus2 u(8)     for( i = 1; i <= vps_num_output_layer_sets_minus2 + 1; i ++ )      for( j = 0; j <= vps_max_layers_minus1; j++ )       vps_ols_output_layer_flag[ i ][ j ] u(1)    }   }   vps_num_ptls_minus1 u(8)  }  for( i = 0; i <= vps_num_ptls_minus1; i++ ) {   if( i > 0 )    vps_pt_present_flag[ i ] u(1)   if( !vps_default_ptl_dpb_hrd_max_tid_flag )    vps_ptl_max_tid[ i ] u(3)  }  while( !byte_aligned( ) )   vps_ptl_alignment_zero_bit /* equal to 0 */ f(1)  for( i = 0; i <= vps_num_ptls_minus1; i++ )   profile_tier_level( vps_pt_present_flag[ i ], vps_ptl_max_tid[ i ] )  for( i = 0; i < TotalNumOlss; i++ )   if( vps_num_ptls_minus1 > 0 && vps_num_ptls_minus1 + 1 != TotalNumOlss )    vps_ols_ptl_idx[ i ] u(8)  if( !vps_each_layer_is_an_ols_flag ) {   vps_num_dpb_params_minus1 ue(v)   if( vps_max_sublayers_minus1 > 0 )    vps_sublayer_dpb_params_present_flag u(1)   for( i = 0; i < VpsNumDpbParams; i++ ) {    if( !vps_default_ptl_dpb_hrd_max_tid_flag )     vps_dpb_max_tid[ i ] u(3)    dpb_parameters( vps_dpb_max_tid[ i ],      vps_sublayer_dpb_params_present_flag )   }   for( i = 0; i < NumMultiLayerOlss; i++ ) {    vps_ols_dpb_pic_width[ i ] ue(v)    vps_ols_dpb_pic_height[ i ] ue(v)    vps_ols_dpb_chroma_format[ i ] u(2)    vps_ols_dpb_bitdepth_minus8[ i ] ue(v)    if( VpsNumDpbParams > 1 && VpsNumDpbParams != NumMultiLayerOlss )     vps_ols_dpb_params_idx[ i ] ue(v)   }   vps_timing_hrd_params_present_flag u(1)   if( vps_timing_hrd_params_present_flag ) {    general_timing_hrd_parameters( )    if( vps_max_sublayers_minus1 > 0 )     vps_sublayer_cpb_params_present_flag u(1)    vps_num_ols_timing_hrd_params_minus1 ue(v)        for( i = 0; i <= vps_num_ols_timing_hrd_params_minus1; i++ ) {     if( !vps_default_ptl_dpb_hrd_max_tid_flag )      vps_hrd_max_tid[ i ] u(3)     firstSubLayer = vps_sublayer_cpb_params_present_flag ? 0 : vps_hrd_max_tid[ i ]     ols_timing_hrd_parameters( firstSubLayer, vps_hrd_max_tid[ i ] )    }    if( vps_num_ols_timing_hrd_params_minus1 > 0 &&      vps_num_ols_timing_hrd_params_minus1 + 1 != NumMultiLayerOlss )     for( i = 0; i < NumMultiLayerOlss; i++ )      vps_ols_timing_hrd_idx[ i ] ue(v)   }  }  vps_extension_flag u(1)  if( vps_extension_flag )   while( more_rbsp_data( ) )    vps_extension_data_flag u(1)  rbsp_trailing_bits( ) }

With respect to Table 4, JVET-T2001 provides the following semantics:

-   -   A VPS RBSP shall be available to the decoding process prior to         it being referenced, included in at least one AU with TemporalId         equal to 0 or provided through external means.     -   All VPS NAL units with a particular value of         vps_video_parameter_set_id in a CVS shall have the same content.     -   vps_video_parameter_set_id provides an identifier for the VPS         for reference by other syntax elements. The value of         vps_video_parameter_set_id shall be greater than 0.     -   vps_max_layers_minus1 plus 1 specifies the number of layers         specified by the VPS, which is the maximum allowed number of         layers in each CVS referring to the VPS.     -   vps_max_sublayers_minus1 plus 1 specifies the maximum number of         temporal sublayers that may be present in a layer specified by         the VPS. The value of vps_max_sublayers_minus1 shall be in the         range of 0 to 6, inclusive.     -   vps_default_ptl_dpb_hrd_max_tid_flag equal to 1 specifies that         the syntax elements vpsptl_max_tid[i], vps_dpb_max_tid[i], and         vps_hrd_max_tid[i] are not present and are inferred to be equal         to the default value vps_max_sublayers_minus1.         vps_default_ptl_dpb_hrd_max_tid_flag equal to 0 specifies that         the syntax elements vps_ptl_max_tid[i], vps_dpb_max_tid[i], and         vps_hrd_max_tid[i] are present. When not present, the value of         vps_default_ptl_dpb_hrd_max_tid_flag is inferred to be equal to         1.     -   vps_all_independent_layers_flag equal to 1 specifies that all         layers specified by the VPS are independently coded without         using inter-layer prediction. vps_all_independent_layers_flag         equal to 0 specifies that one or more of the layers specified by         the VPS might use inter-layer prediction. When not present, the         value of vps_all_independent_layers_flag is inferred to be equal         to 1.     -   vps_layer_id[i] specifies the nuh_layer_id value of the i-th         layer. For any two non-negative integer values of m and n, when         m is less than n, the value of vps_layer_id[m] shall be less         than vps_layer_id[n].     -   vps_independent_layer_flag[i] equal to 1 specifies that the         layer with index i does not use inter-layer prediction.         vps_independent_layer_flag[i] equal to 0 specifies that the         layer with index i might use inter-layer prediction and the         syntax elements vps_direct_ref_layer_flag[i][j] for j in the         range of 0 to i−1, inclusive, are present in the VPS. When not         present, the value of vps_independent_layer_flag[i] is inferred         to be equal to 1.     -   vps_max_tid_refpresent_flag[i] equal to 1 specifies that the         syntax element vps_max_tid_il_ref_pics_plus1[i][j] could be         present. vps_max_tid_refpresent_flag[i] equal to 0 specifies         that the syntax element vps_max_tid_il_ref_pics_plus1[i][j] is         not present.     -   vps_direct_ref_layer_flag[i][j] equal to 0 specifies that the         layer with index j is not a direct reference layer for the layer         with index i. vps_direct_ref_layer_flag [i][j] equal to 1         specifies that the layer with index j is a direct reference         layer for the layer with index i. When         vps_direct_ref_layer_flag[i][j] is not present for i and j in         the range of 0 to vps_max_layers_minus1, inclusive, it is         inferred to be equal to 0. When vps_independent_layer_flag[i] is         equal to 0, there shall be at least one value of j in the range         of 0 to i−1, inclusive, such that the value of         vps_direct_ref_layer_flag[i][j] is equal to 1.     -   The variables NumDirectRefLayers[i], DirectRefLayerIdx[i][d],         NumRefLayers[i], ReferenceLayerIdx[i][r], and         LayerUsedAsRefLayerFlag[j] are derived as follows:

for( i = 0; i <= vps_max_layers_minus1; i++ ) {  for( j = 0; j <= vps_max_layers_minus1; j++ ) {   dependencyFlag[ i ][ j ] = vps_direct_ref_layer_flag[ i ][ j ]   for( k = 0; k < i; k++ )    if( vps_direct_ref_layer_flag[ i ][ k ] && dependencyFlag[ k ][    j ] )     dependencyFlag[ i ][ j ] = 1  }  LayerUsedAsRefLayerFlag[ i ] = 0 } for( i = 0; i <= vps_max_layers_minus1; i++ ) {  for( j = 0, d = 0, r = 0; j <= vps_max_layers_minus1; j++ ) {   if( vps_direct_ref_layer_flag[ i ][ j ] ) {    DirectRefLayerIdx[ i ][ d++ ] = j    LayerUsedAsRefLayerFlag[ j ] = 1   }   if( dependencyFlag[ i ][ j ] )    ReferenceLayerIdx[ i ][ r++ ] = j  }  NumDirectRefLayers[ i ] = d  NumRefLayers[ i ] = r }

-   -   The variable GeneralLayerIdx[i], specifying the layer index of         the layer with nuh_layer_id equal to vps_layer_id[i], is derived         as follows:

for( i = 0; i <= vps_max_layers_minus1; i++ )  GeneralLayerIdx[ vps_layer_id[ i ] ] = i

-   -   For any two different values of i and j, both in the range of 0         to vps_max_layers_minus1, inclusive, when dependencyFlag[i][j]         equal to 1, it is a requirement of bitstream conformance that         the values of sps_chroma_format_idc and sps_bitdepth_minus8 that         apply to the i-th layer shall be equal to the values of         sps_chroma_format_idc and sps_bitdepth_minus8, respectively,         that apply to the j-th layer.     -   vps_max_tid_il_ref_pics_plus1[i][j] equal to 0 specifies that         the pictures of the j-th layer that are neither IRAP pictures         nor GDR pictures with ph_recovery_poc_cnt equal to 0 are not         used as ILRPs for decoding of pictures of the i-th layer.         vps_max_tid_il_ref_pics_plus1[i][j] greater than 0 specifies         that, for decoding pictures of the i-th layer, no picture from         the j-th layer with TemporalId greater than         vps_max_tid_il_ref_pics_plus1[i][j]−1 is used as ILRP and no APS         with nuh_layer_id equal to vps_layer_id[j] and TemporalId         greater than vps_max_tid_il_ref_pics_plus1[i][j]−1 is         referenced. When not present, the value of         vps_max_tid_il_ref_pics_plus1[i][j] is inferred to be equal to         vps_max_sublayers_minus1+1.     -   vps_each_layer_is_an_ols_flag equal to 1 specifies that each OLS         specified by the VPS contains only one layer and each layer         specified by the VPS is an OLS with the single included layer         being the only output layer. vps_each_layer_is_an_ols_flag equal         to 0 specifies that at least one OLS specified by the VPS         contains more than one layer. If vps_max_layers_minus1 is equal         to 0, the value of vps_each_layer_is_an_ols_flag is inferred to         be equal to 1. Otherwise, when vps_all_independent_layers_flag         is equal to 0, the value of vps_each_layer_is_an_ols_flag is         inferred to be equal to 0.     -   vps_ols_mode_idc equal to 0 specifies that the total number of         OLSs specified by the VPS is equal to vps_max_layers_minus1+1,         the i-th OLS includes the layers with layer indices from 0 to i,         inclusive, and for each OLS only the highest layer in the OLS is         an output layer.     -   vps_ols_mode_idc equal to 1 specifies that the total number of         OLSs specified by the VPS is equal to vps_max_layers_minus1+1,         the i-th OLS includes the layers with layer indices from 0 to i,         inclusive, and for each OLS all layers in the OLS are output         layers.     -   vps_ols_mode_idc equal to 2 specifies that the total number of         OLSs specified by the VPS is explicitly signalled and for each         OLS the output layers are explicitly signalled and other layers         are the layers that are direct or indirect reference layers of         the output layers of the OLS.     -   The value of vps_ols_mode_idc shall be in the range of 0 to 2,         inclusive. The value 3 of vps_ols_mode_idc is reserved for         future use by ITU-T|ISO/IEC. Decoders conforming to this version         of this Specification shall ignore the OLSs with         vps_ols_mode_idc equal to 3.

When vps_all_independent_layers_flag is equal to 1 and vps_each_layer_is_an_ols_flag is equal to 0, the value of vps_ols_mode_idc is inferred to be equal to 2.

-   -   vps_num_output_layer_sets_minus2 plus 2 specifies the total         number of OLSs specified by the VPS when vps_ols_mode_idc is         equal to 2.     -   The variable olsModeIdc is derived as follows:

if( !vps_each_layer_is_an_ols_flag )  olsModeIdc = vps_ols_mode_idc else  olsModeIdc = 4

-   -   The variable TotalNumOlss, specifying the total number of OLSs         specified by the VPS, is derived as follows:

if( olsModeIdc = = 4 | | olsModeIdc = = 0 | | olsModeIdc = = 1 )  TotalNumOlss = vps_max_layers_minus1 + 1 else if( olsModeIdc = = 2 )  TotalNumOlss = vps_num_output_layer_sets_minus2 + 2

-   -   vps_ols_output_layer_flag[i][j] equal to 1 specifies that the         layer with nuh_layer_id equal to vps_layer_id[j] is an output         layer of the i-th OLS when vps_ols_mode_idc is equal to 2.         vps_ols_output_layer_flag[i][j] equal to 0 specifies that the         layer with nuh_layer_id equal to vps_layer_id[j] is not an         output layer of the i-th OLS when vps_ols_mode_idc is equal to         2.     -   The variable NumOutputLayersInOls[i], specifying the number of         output layers in the i-th OLS, the variable         NumSubLayersInLayerInOLS[i][j], specifying the number of         sublayers in the j-th layer in the i-th OLS, the variable         OutputLayerIdInOls[i][j], specifying the nuh_layer_id value of         the j-th output layer in the i-th OLS, and the variable         LayerUsedAsOutputLayerFlag[k], specifying whether the k-th layer         is used as an output layer in at least one OLS, are derived as         follows:

NumOutputLayersInOls[ 0 ] = 1 OutputLayerIdInOls[ 0 ][ 0 ] = vps_layer_id[ 0 ] NumSubLayersInLayerInOLS[ 0 ][ 0 ] = vps_ptl_max_tid[ vps_ols_ptl_idx[ 0 ] ] + 1 LayerUsedAsOutputLayerFlag[ 0 ] = 1 for( i = 1; i <= vps_max_layers_minus1; i++ ) {  if( olsModeIdc = = 4 | | olsModeIdc < 2 )   LayerUsedAsOutputLayerFlag[ i ] = 1  else if( vps_ols_mode_idc = = 2 )   LayerUsedAsOutputLayerFlag[ i ] = 0 } for( i = 1; i < TotalNumOlss; i++ )  if( olsModeIdc = = 4 | | olsModeIdc = = 0 ) {   NumOutputLayersInOls[ i ] = 1   OutputLayerIdInOls[ i ][ 0 ] = vps_layer_id[ i ]   if( vps_each_layer_is_an_ols_flag )    NumSubLayersInLayerInOLS[ i ][ 0 ] = vps_ptl_max_tid[ vps_ols_ptl_idx[ i ] ] + 1   else {    NumSubLayersInLayerInOLS[ i ][ i ] = vps_ptl_max_tid[ vps_ols_ptl_idx[ i ] ] + 1    for( k = i − 1; k >= 0; k− − ) {     NumSubLayersInLayerInOLS[ i ][ k ] = 0     for( m = k + 1; m <= i; m++ ) {      maxSublayerNeeded = Min( NumSubLayersInLayerInOLS[ i ][ m ],        vps_max_tid_il_ref_pics_plus1[ m ][ k ] )      if( vps_direct_ref_layer_flag[ m ][ k ] &&        NumSubLayersInLayerInOLS[ i ][ k ] < maxSublayerNeeded )       NumSubLayersInLayerInOLS[ i ][ k ] = maxSublayerNeeded     }    }   }  } else if( vps_ols_mode_idc = = 1 ) {   NumOutputLayersInOls[ i ] = i + 1   for( j = 0; j < NumOutputLayersInOls[ i ]; j++ ) {    OutputLayerIdInOls[ i ][ j ] = vps_layer_id[ j ]    NumSubLayersInLayerInOLS[ i ][ j ] = vps_ptl_max_tid[ vps_ols_ptl_idx[ i ] ] + 1   }  } else if( vps_ols_mode_idc = = 2 ) {   for( j = 0; j <= vps_max_layers_minus1; j++ ) {    layerIncludedInOlsFlag[ i ][ j ] = 0    NumSubLayersInLayerInOLS[ i ][ j ] = 0   }   highestIncludedLayer = 0   for( k = 0, j = 0; k <= vps_max_layers_minus1; k++ )    if( vps_ols_output_layer_flag[ i ][ k ] ) {     layerIncludedInOlsFlag[ i ][ k ] = 1     highestIncludedLayer = k     LayerUsedAsOutputLayerFlag[ k ] = 1     OutputLayerIdx[ i ][ j ] = k     OutputLayerIdInOls[ i ][ j++ ] = vps_layer_id[ k ]     NumSubLayersInLayerInOLS[ i ][ k ] = vps_ptl_max_tid[ vps_ols_ptl_idx[ i ] ] + 1    }   NumOutputLayersInOls[ i ] = j   for( j = 0; j < NumOutputLayersInOls[ i ]; j++ ) {    idx = OutputLayerIdx[ i ][ j ]    for( k = 0; k < NumRefLayers[ idx ]; k++ ) {     if (!layerIncludedInOlsFlag[ i ][ ReferenceLayerIdx[ idx ][ k ] ] )     layerIncludedInOlsFlag[ i ][ ReferenceLayerIdx[ idx ][ k ] ] = 1    }   }   for( k = highestIncludedLayer − 1; k >= 0; k− − )    if( layerIncludedInOlsFlag[ i ][ k ] && !vps_ols_output_layer_flag[ i ][ k ] )     for( m = k + 1; m <= highestIncludedLayer; m++ ) {      maxSublayerNeeded = Min( NumSubLayersInLayerInOLS[ i ][ m ],        vps_max_tid_il_ref_pics_plus1[ m ][ k ] )      if( vps_direct_ref_layer_flag[ m ][ k ] && layerIncludedInOlsFlag[ i ][ m ] &&        NumSubLayersInLayerInOLS[ i ][ k ] < maxSublayerNeeded )       NumSubLayersInLayerInOLS[ i ][ k ] = maxSublayerNeeded     }  }

-   -   For each value of i in the range of 0 to vps_max_layers_minus1,         inclusive, the values of LayerUsedAsRefLayerFlag[i] and         LayerUsedAsOutputLayerFlag[i] shall not both be equal to 0. In         other words, there shall be no layer that is neither an output         layer of at least one OLS nor a direct reference layer of any         other layer.     -   For each OLS, there shall be at least one layer that is an         output layer. In other words, for any value of i in the range of         0 to TotalNumOlss−1, inclusive, the value of         NumOutputLayersInOls[i] shall be greater than or equal to 1.     -   The variable NumLayersInOls[i], specifying the number of layers         in the i-th OLS, the variable LayerIdInOls[i][j], specifying the         nuh_layer_id value of the j-th layer in the i-th OLS, the         variable NumMultiLayerOlss, specifying the number of multi-layer         OLSs (i.e., OLSs that contain more than one layer), and the         variable MultiLayerOlsIdx[i], specifying the index to the list         of multi-layer OLSs for the i-th OLS when NumLayersInOls[i] is         greater than 0, are derived as follows:

NumLayersInOls[ 0 ] = 1 LayerIdInOls[ 0 ][ 0 ] = vps_layer_id[ 0 ] NumMultiLayerOlss = 0 for( i = 1; i < TotalNumOlss; i++ ) {  if( vps_each_layer_is_an_ols_flag ) {   NumLayersInOls[ i ] = 1   LayerIdInOls[ i ][ 0 ] = vps_layer_id[ i ]  } else if( vps_ols_mode_idc = = 0 | | vps_ols_mode_idc = = 1 ) {   NumLayersInOls[ i ] = i + 1   for( j = 0; j < NumLayersInOls[ i ]; j++ )    LayerIdInOls[ i ][ j ] = vps_layer_id[ j ]  } else if( vps_ols_mode_idc = = 2 ) {   for( k = 0, j = 0; k <= vps_max_layers_minus1; k++ )    if( layerIncludedInOlsFlag[ i ][ k ] )     LayerIdInOls[ i ][ j++ ] = vps_layer_id[ k ]   NumLayersInOls[ i ] = j  }  if( NumLayersInOls[ i ] > 1 ) {   MultiLayerOlsIdx[ i ] = NumMultiLayerOlss   NumMultiLayerOlss++  } }

-   -   -   NOTE—The 0-th OLS contains only the lowest layer (i.e., the             layer with nuh_layer_id equal to vps_layer_id[0]) and for             the 0-th OLS the only included layer is output.

    -   The lowest layer in each OLS shall be an independent layer. In         other words, for each i in the range of 0 to TotalNumOlss−1,         inclusive, the value of         vps_independent_layer_flag[GeneralLayerIdx[LayerIdInOls[i][0] ]         ] shall be equal to 1.

    -   Each layer shall be included in at least one OLS specified by         the VPS. In other words, for each layer with a particular value         of nuh_layer_id nuhLayerId equal to one of vps_layer_id[k] for k         in the range of 0 to vps_max_layers_minus1, inclusive, there         shall be at least one pair of values of i and j, where i is in         the range of 0 to TotalNumOlss−1, inclusive, and j is in the         range of NumLayersinOls[i]−1, inclusive, such that the value of         LayerIdInOls[i][j] is equal to nuhLayerId.

    -   vps_num_ptls_minus1 plus 1 specifies the number of         profile_tier_level( ) syntax structures in the VPS. The value of         vps_num_ptls_minus1 shall be less than TotalNumOlss. When not         present, the value of vps_num_ptls_minus1 is inferred to be         equal to 0.

    -   vps_pt_present_flag[i] equal to 1 specifies that profile, tier,         and general constraints information are present in the i-th         profile_tier_level( ) syntax structure in the VPS.         vps_pt_present_flag[i]equal to 0 specifies that profile, tier,         and general constraints information are not present in the i-th         profile_tier_level( ) syntax structure in the VPS. The value of         vps_pt_present_flag[0] is inferred to be equal to 1. When         vps_pt_present_flag[i] is equal to 0, the profile, tier, and         general constraints information for the i-th profile_tier_level(         ) syntax structure in the VPS are inferred to be the same as         that for the (i−1)-th profile_tier_level( ) syntax structure in         the VPS.

    -   vps_ptl_max_tid[i] specifies the TemporalId of the highest         sublayer representation for which the level information is         present in the i-th profile_tier_level( ) syntax structure in         the VPS and the TemporalId of the highest sublayer         representation that is present in the OLSs with OLS index olsIdx         such that vps_ols_ptl_idx[olsIdx] is equal to i. The value of         vps_ptl_max_tid[i] shall be in the range of 0 to         vps_max_sublayers_minus1, inclusive. When         vps_default_ptl_dpb_hrd_max_tid_flag is equal to 1, the value of         vps_ptl_max_tid[i] is inferred to be equal to         vps_max_sublayers_minus1.

    -   vps_ptl_alignment_zero_bit shall be equal to 0.

    -   vps_ols_ptl_idx[i] specifies the index, to the list of         profile_tier_level( ) syntax structures in the VPS, of the         profile_tier_level( ) syntax structure that applies to the i-th         OLS. When present, the value of vps_ols_ptl_idx[i] shall be in         the range of 0 to vps_num_ptls_minus1, inclusive.

    -   When not present, the value of vps_ols_ptl_idx[i] is inferred as         follows:         -   If vps_num_ptls_minus1 is equal to 0, the value of             vps_ols_ptl_idx[i] is inferred to be equal to 0.         -   Otherwise (vps_num_ptls_minus1 is greater than 0 and             vps_num_ptls_minus1+1 is equal to TotalNumOlss), the value             of vps_ols_ptl_idx[i] is inferred to be equal to i.

    -   When NumLayersInOls[i] is equal to 1, the profile_tier_level( )         syntax structure that applies to the i-th OLS is also present in         the SPS referred to by the layer in the i-th OLS. It is a         requirement of bitstream conformance that, when         NumLayersInOls[i] is equal to 1, the profile_tier_level( )         syntax structures signalled in the VPS and in the SPS for the         i-th OLS shall be identical.

    -   Each profile_tier_level( ) syntax structure in the VPS shall be         referred to by at least one value of vps_ols_ptl_idx[i] for i in         the range of 0 to TotalNumOlss−1, inclusive.

    -   vps_num_dpb_params_minus1 plus 1, when present, specifies the         number of dpb_parameters( ) syntax structures in the VPS. The         value of vps_num_dpb_params_minus1 shall be in the range of 0 to         NumMultiLayerOlss−1, inclusive.

    -   The variable VpsNumDpbParams, specifying the number of         dpb_parameters( ) syntax structures in the VPS, is derived as         follows:

if( vps_each_layer_is_an_ols_flag )  VpsNumDpbParams = 0 else  VpsNumDpbParams = vps_num_dpb_params_minus1 + 1

-   -   vps_sublayer_dpb_params_present_flag is used to control the         presence of dpb_max_dec_pic_buffering_minus1[j],         dpb_max_num_reorder_pics[j], and         dpb_max_latency_increase_plus1[j] syntax elements in the         dpb_parameters( ) syntax structures in the VPS for j in range         from 0 to vps_dpb_max_tid[i]−1, inclusive, when         vps_dpb_max_tid[i] is greater than 0. When not present, the         value of vps sub_dpb_params_info_present_flag is inferred to be         equal to 0.     -   vps_dpb_max_tid[i] specifies the TemporalId of the highest         sublayer representation for which the DPB parameters could be         present in the i-th dpb_parameters( ) syntax structure in the         VPS.     -   The value of vps_dpb_max_tid[i] shall be in the range of 0 to         vps_max_sublayers_minus1, inclusive. When not present, the value         of vps_dpb_max_tid[i] is inferred to be equal to         vps_max_sublayers_minus1.

The value of vps_dpb_max_tid[vps_ols_dpb_params_idx[in] ] shall be greater than or equal to vps_ptl_max_tid[vps_ols_ptl_idx[n]] for each m-th multi-layer OLS for m from 0 to NumMultiLayerOlss−1, inclusive, and n being the OLS index of the m-th multi-layer OLS among all OLSs.

-   -   vps_ols_dpb_pic_width[i] specifies the width, in units of luma         samples, of each picture storage buffer for the i-th multi-layer         OLS.     -   vps_ols_dpb_pic_height[i] specifies the height, in units of luma         samples, of each picture storage buffer for the i-th multi-layer         OLS.     -   vps_ols_dpb_chroma_format[i] specifies the greatest allowed         value of sps_chroma_format_idc for all SPSs that are referred to         by CLVSs in the CVS for the i-th multi-layer OLS.     -   vps_ols_dpb_bitdepth_minus8[i] specifies the greatest allowed         value of sps_bitdepth_minus8 for all SPSs that are referred to         by CLVSs in the CVS for the i-th multi-layer OLS. The value of         vps_ols_dpb_bitdepth_minus8[i] shall be in the range of 0 to 2,         inclusive.         -   NOTE—For decoding the i-th multi-layer OLS, the deoder could             safely allocate memory for the DPB according to the values             of the syntax elements             vps_ols_dpb_pic_width[i]vps_ols_dpb_pic_height[i],             vps_ols_dpb_chroma_format[i], and             vps_ols_dpb_bitdepth_minus8[i].     -   vps_ols_dpb_params_idx[i] specifies the index, to the list of         dpb_parameters( ) syntax structures in the VPS, of the         dpb_parameters( ) syntax structure that applies to the i-th         multi-layer OLS. When present, the value of         vps_ols_dpb_params_idx[i] shall be in the range of 0 to         VpsNumDpbParams−1, inclusive.     -   When vps_ols_dpb_params_idx[i] is not present, it is inferred as         follows:         -   If VpsNumDpbParams is equal to 1, the value of             vps_ols_dpb_params_idx[i] to be equal to 0.         -   Otherwise (VpsNumDpbParams is greater than 1 and equal to             NumMultiLayerOlss), the value of vps_ols_dpb_params_idx[i]             is inferred to be equal to i.     -   For a single-layer OLS, the applicable dpb_parameters( ) syntax         structure is present in the SPS referred to by the layer in the         OLS.     -   Each dpb_parameters( ) syntax structure in the VPS shall be         referred to by at least one value of vps_ols_dpb_params_idx[i]         for i in the range of 0 to NumMultiLayerOlss−1, inclusive.     -   vps_timing_hrd_params_present_flag equal to 1 specifies that the         VPS contains a general_timing_hrd_parameters( ) syntax structure         and other HRD parameters. vps_timing_hrd_params_present_flag         equal to 0 specifies that the VPS does not contain a         general_timing_hrd_parameters( ) syntax structure or other HRD         parameters.     -   When NumLayersInOls[i] is equal to 1, the         general_timing_hrd_parameters( ) syntax structure and the         ols_timing_hrd_parameters( ) syntax structure that apply to the         i-th OLS are present in the SPS referred to by the layer in the         i-th OLS.     -   vps_sublayer_cpb_params_present_flag equal to 1 specifies that         the i-th ols_timing_hrd_parameters( ) syntax structure in the         VPS contains HRD parameters for the sublayer representations         with TemporalId in the range of 0 to vps_hrd_max_tid[i],         inclusive. vps_sublayer_cpb_params_present_flag equal to 0         specifies that the i-th ols_timing_hrdparameters( ) syntax         structure in the VPS contains HRD parameters for the sublayer         representation with TemporalId equal to vps_hrd_max_tid[i] only.         When vps_max_sublayers_minus1 is equal to 0, the value of         vps_sublayer_cpb_params_present_flag is inferred to be equal to         0.     -   When vps_sublayer_cpbjarams_present_flag is equal to 0, the HRD         parameters for the sublayer representations with TemporalId in         the range of 0 to vps_hrd_max_tid[i]−1, inclusive, are inferred         to be the same as that for the sublayer representation with         TemporalId equal to vps_hrd_max_tid[i]. These include the HRD         parameters starting from the fixed_pic_rate_general_flag[i]         syntax element till the sublayer_hrd_parameters(i) syntax         structure immediately under the condition         “if(general_vcl_hrd_params_present_flag)” in the         ols_timing_hrd_parameters syntax structure.     -   vps_num_ols_timing_hrd_params_minus1 plus 1 specifies the number         of ols_timing_hrd_parameters( ) syntax structures present in the         VPS when vps_timing_hrdparams_present_flag is equal to 1. The         value of vps_num_ols_timing_hrdparams_minus1 shall be in the         range of 0 to NumMultiLayerOlss−1, inclusive.     -   vps_hrd_max_tid[i] specifies the TemporalId of the highest         sublayer representation for which the HRD parameters are         contained in the i-th ols_timing_hrd_parameters( ) syntax         structure. The value of vps_hrd_max_tid[i] shall be in the range         of 0 to vps_max_sublayers_minus1, inclusive. When not present,         the value of vps_hrd_max_tid[i] is inferred to be equal to         vps_max_sublayers_minus1.     -   The value of vps_hrd_max_tid[vps_ols_timing_hrd_idx[m] ] shall         be greater than or equal to vps_ptl_max_tid[vps_ols_ptl_idx[n] ]         for each m-th multi-layer OLS for m from 0 to         NumMultiLayerOlss−1, inclusive, and n being the OLS index of the         m-th multi-layer OLS among all OLSs.     -   vps_ols_timing_hrd_idx[i] specifies the index, to the list of         ols_timing_hrd_parameters( ) syntax structures in the VPS, of         the ols_timing_hrdparameters( ) syntax structure that applies to         the i-th multi-layer OLS. The value of vps_ols_timing_hrd_idx[i]         shall be in the range of 0 to         vps_num_ols_timing_hrd_params_minus1, inclusive.     -   When vps_ols_timing_hrd_idx[i] is not present, it is inferred as         follows:         -   If vps_num_ols_timing_hrd_params_minus1 is equal to 0, the             value of vps_ols_timing_hrd_idx[[i] is inferred to be equal             to 0.         -   Otherwise (vps_num_ols_timing_hrd_params_minus1+1 is greater             than 1 and equal to NumMultiLayerOlss), the value of             vps_ols_timing_hrd_idx[i] is inferred to be equal to i.     -   For a single-layer OLS, the applicable         ols_timing_hrd_parameters( ) syntax structure is present in the         SPS referred to by the layer in the OLS.     -   Each ols_timing_hrd_parameters( ) syntax structure in the VPS         shall be referred to by at least one value of         vps_ols_timing_hrd_idx[i] for i in the range of 1 to         NumMultiLayerOlss−1, inclusive.     -   vps_extension_flag equal to 0 specifies that no         vps_extension_data_flag syntax elements are present in the VPS         RBSP syntax structure. vps_extension_flag equal to 1 specifies         that vps_extension_data_flag syntax elements might be present in         the VPS RBSP syntax structure. vps_extension_flag shall be equal         to 0 in bitstreams conforming to this version of this         Specification. However, some use of vps_extension_flag equal to         1 could be specified in some future version of this         Specification, and decoders conforming to this version of this         Specification shall allow the value of vps_extension_flag equal         to 1 to appear in the syntax.     -   vps_extension_data_flag could have any value. Its presence and         value do not affect the decoding process specified in this         version of this Specification. Decoders conforming to this         version of this Specification shall ignore all         vps_extension_data_flag syntax elements.

As provided in Table 2, a NAL unit may include a sequence parameter set (SPS) syntax structure. Table 5 illustrates the sequence parameter set (SPS) syntax structure provided in JVET-T2001.

TABLE 5 Descriptor seq_parameter_set_rbsp( ) {  sps_seq_parameter_set_id u(4)  sps_video_parameter_set_id u(4)  sps_max_sublayers_minus1 u(3)  sps_chroma_format_idc u(2)  sps_log2_ctu_size_minus5 u(2)  sps_ptl_dpb_hrd_params_present_flag u(1)  if( sps_ptl_dpb_hrd_params_present_flag )   profile_tier_level( 1, sps_max_sublayers_minus1 )  sps_gdr_enabled_flag u(1)  sps_ref_pic_resampling_enabled_flag u(1)  if( sps_ref_pic_resampling_enabled_flag )   sps_res_change_in_clvs_allowed_flag u(1)  sps_pic_width_max_in_luma_samples ue(v)  sps_pic_height_max_in_luma_samples ue(v)  sps_conformance_window_flag u(1)  if( sps_conformance_window_flag ) {   sps_conf_win_left_offset ue(v)   sps_conf_win_right_offset ue(v)   sps_conf_win_top_offset ue(v)   sps_conf_win_bottom_offset ue(v)  }  sps_subpic_info_present_flag u(1)  if( sps_subpic_info_present_flag ) {   sps_num_subpics_minus1 ue(v)   if( sps_num_subpics_minus1 > 0 ) {    sps_independent_subpics_flag u(1)    sps_subpic_same_size_flag u(1)   }   for( i = 0; sps_num_subpics_minus1 > 0 && i <= sps_num_subpics_minus1; i++ ) {    if( !sps_subpic_same_size_flag | | i = = 0 ) {     if( i > 0 && sps_pic_width_max_in_luma_samples > CtbSizeY )      sps_subpic_ctu_top_left_x[ i ] u(v)     if( i > 0 && sps_pic_height_max_in_luma_samples > CtbSizeY )      sps_subpic_ctu_top_left_y[ i ] u(v)     if( i < sps_num_subpics_minus1 &&       sps_pic_width_max_in_luma_samples > CtbSizeY )      sps_subpic_width_minus1[ i ] u(v)     if( i < sps_num_subpics_minus1 &&       sps_pic_height_max_in_luma_samples > CtbSizeY )      sps_subpic_height_minus1[ i ] u(v)    }    if( !sps_independent_subpics_flag) {     sps_subpic_treated_as_pic_flag[ i ] u(1)     sps_loop_filter_across_subpic_enabled_flag[ i ] u(1)    }   }   sps_subpic_id_len_minus1 ue(v)   sps_subpic_id_mapping_explicitly_signalled_flag u(1)   if( sps_subpic_id_mapping_explicitly_signalled_flag ) {    sps_subpic_id_mapping_present_flag u(1)    if( sps_subpic_id_mapping_present_flag )     for( i = 0; i <= sps_num_subpics_minus1; i++ )      sps_subpic_id[ i ] u(v)   }  }  sps_bitdepth_minus8 ue(v)  sps_entropy_coding_sync_enabled_flag u(1)  sps_entry_point_offsets_present_flag u(1)  sps_log2_max_pic_order_cnt_lsb_minus4 u(4)  sps_poc_msb_cycle_flag u(1)  if( sps_poc_msb_cycle_flag )   sps_poc_msb_cycle_len_minus1 ue(v)  sps_num_extra_ph_bytes u(2)  for( i = 0; i < (sps_num_extra_ph_bytes * 8 ); i++ )   sps_extra_ph_bit_present_flag[ i ] u(1)  sps_num_extra_sh_bytes u(2)  for( i = 0; i < (sps_num_extra_sh_bytes * 8 ); i++ )   sps_extra_sh_bit_present_flag[ i ] u(1)  if( sps_ptl_dpb_hrd_params_present_flag ) {   if( sps_max_sublayers_minus1 > 0 )    sps_sublayer_dpb_params_flag u(1)   dpb_parameters( sps_max_sublayers_minus1, sps_sublayer_dpb_params_flag )  }  sps_log2_min_luma_coding_block_size_minus2 ue(v)  sps_partition_constraints_override_enabled_flag u(1)  sps_log2_diff_min_qt_min_cb_intra_slice_luma ue(v)  sps_max_mtt_hierarchy_depth_intra_slice_luma ue(v)  if( sps_max_mtt_hierarchy_depth_intra_slice_luma != 0 ) {   sps_log2_diff_max_bt_min_qt_intra_slice_luma ue(v)   sps_log2_diff_max_tt_min_qt_intra_slice_luma ue(v)  }  if( sps_chroma_format_idc != 0 )   sps_qtbtt_dual_tree_intra_flag u(1)  if( sps_qtbtt_dual_tree_intra_flag ) {   sps_log2_diff_min_qt_min_cb_intra_slice_chroma ue(v)   sps_max_mtt_hierarchy_depth_intra_slice_chroma ue(v)   if( sps_max_mtt_hierarchy_depth_intra_slice_chroma != 0 ) {    sps_log2_diff_max_bt_min_qt_intra_slice_chroma ue(v)    sps_log2_diff_max_tt_min_qt_intra_slice_chroma ue(v)   }  }  sps_log2_diff_min_qt_min_cb_inter_slice ue(v)  sps_max_mtt_hierarchy_depth_inter_slice ue(v)  if( sps_max_mtt_hierarchy_depth_inter_slice != 0 ) {   sps_log2_diff_max_bt_min_qt_inter_slice ue(v)   sps_log2_diff_max_tt_min_qt_inter_slice ue(v)  }  if( CtbSizeY > 32 )   sps_max_luma_transform_size_64_flag u(1)  sps_transform_skip_enabled_flag u(1)  if( sps_transform_skip_enabled_flag ) {   sps_log2_transform_skip_max_size_minus2 ue(v)   sps_bdpcm_enabled_flag u(1)  }  sps_mts_enabled_flag u(1)  if( sps_mts_enabled_flag ) {   sps_explicit_mts_intra_enabled_flag u(1)   sps_explicit_mts_inter_enabled_flag u(1)  }  sps_lfnst_enabled_flag u(1)  if( sps_chroma_format_idc != 0 ) {   sps_joint_cbcr_enabled_flag u(1)   sps_same_qp_table_for_chroma_flag u(1)   numQpTables = sps_same_qp_table_for_chroma_flag ? 1 :     ( sps_joint_cbcr_enabled_flag ? 3 : 2 )   for( i = 0; i < numQpTables; i++ ) {    sps_qp_table_start_minus26[ i ] se(v)    sps_num_points_in_qp_table_minus1[ i ] ue(v)    for( j = 0; j <= sps_num_points_in_qp_table_minus1[ i ]; j++ ) {     sps_delta_qp_in_val_minus1[ i ][ j ] ue(v)     sps_delta_qp_diff_val[ i ][ j ] ue(v)    }   }  }  sps_sao_enabled_flag u(1)  sps_alf_enabled_flag u(1)  if( sps_alf_enabled_flag && sps_chroma_format_idc != 0 )   sps_ccalf_enabled_flag u(1)  sps_lmcs_enabled_flag u(1)  sps_weighted_pred_flag u(1)  sps_weighted_bipred_flag u(1)  sps_long_term_ref_pics_flag u(1)  if( sps_video_parameter_set_id > 0 )   sps_inter_layer_prediction_enabled_flag u(1)  sps_idr_rpl_present_flag u(1)  sps_rpl1_same_as_rpl0_flag u(1)  for( i = 0; i < ( sps_rpl1_same_as_rpl0_flag ? 1 : 2 ); i++ ) {   sps_num_ref_pic_lists[ i ] ue(v)   for( j = 0; j < sps_num_ref_pic_lists[ i ]; j++)    ref_pic_list_struct( i, j )  }  sps_ref_wraparound_enabled_flag u(1)  sps_temporal_mvp_enabled_flag u(1)  if( sps_temporal_mvp_enabled_flag )   sps_sbtmvp_enabled_flag u(1)  sps_amvr_enabled_flag u(1)  sps_bdof_enabled_flag u(1)  if( sps_bdof_enabled_flag )   sps_bdof_control_present_in_ph_flag u(1)  sps_smvd_enabled_flag u(1)  sps_dmvr_enabled_flag u(1)  if( sps_dmvr_enabled_flag)   sps_dmvr_control_present_in_ph_flag u(1)  sps_mmvd_enabled_flag u(1)  if( sps_mmvd_enabled_flag )   sps_mmvd_fullpel_only_enabled_flag u(1)  sps_six_minus_max_num_merge_cand ue(v)  sps_sbt_enabled_flag u(1)  sps_affine_enabled_flag u(1)  if( sps_affine_enabled_flag ) {   sps_five_minus_max_num_subblock_merge_cand ue(v)   sps_6param_affine_enabled_flag u(1)   if( sps_amvr_enabled_flag )    sps_affine_amvr_enabled_flag u(1)   sps_affine_prof_enabled_flag u(1)   if( sps_affine_prof_enabled_flag )    sps_prof_control_present_in_ph_flag u(1)  }  sps_bcw_enabled_flag u(1)  sps_ciip_enabled_flag u(1)  if( MaxNumMergeCand >= 2 ) {   sps_gpm_enabled_flag u(1)   if( sps_gpm_enabled_flag && MaxNumMergeCand >= 3 )    sps_max_num_merge_cand_minus_max_num_gpm_cand ue(v)  }  sps_log2_parallel_merge_level_minus2 ue(v)  sps_isp_enabled_flag u(1)  sps_mrl_enabled_flag u(1)  sps_mip_enabled_flag u(1)  if( sps_chroma_format_idc != 0 )   sps_cclm_enabled_flag u(1)  if( sps_chroma_format_idc = = 1 ) {   sps_chroma_horizontal_collocated_flag u(1)   sps_chroma_vertical_collocated_flag u(1)  }  sps_palette_enabled_flag u(1)  if( sps_chroma_format_idc = = 3 && !sps_max_luma_transform_size_64_flag )   sps_act_enabled_flag u(1)  if( sps_transform_skip_enabled_flag | | sps_palette_enabled_flag )   sps_min_qp_prime_ts ue(v)  sps_ibc_enabled_flag u(1)  if( sps_ibc_enabled_flag )   sps_six_minus_max_num_ibc_merge_cand ue(v)  sps_ladf_enabled_flag u(1)  if( sps_ladf_enabled_flag ) {   sps_num_ladf_intervals_minus2 u(2)   sps_ladf_lowest_interval_qp_offset se(v)   for( i = 0; i < sps_num_ladf_intervals_minus2 + 1; i++ ) {    sps_ladf_qp_offset[ i ] se(v)    sps_ladf_delta_threshold_minus1[ i ] ue(v)   }  }  sps_explicit_scaling_list_enabled_flag u(1)  if( sps_lfnst_enabled_flag && sps_explicit_scaling_list_enabled_flag )   sps_scaling_matrix_for_lfnst_disabled_flag u(1)  if( sps_act_enabled_flag && sps_explicit_scaling_list_enabled_flag )   sps_scaling_matrix_for_alternative_colour_space_disabled_flag u(1)  if( sps_scaling_matrix_for_alternative_colour_space_disabled_flag )   sps_scaling_matrix_designated_colour_space_flag u(1)  sps_dep_quant_enabled_flag u(1)  sps_sign_data_hiding_enabled_flag u(1)  sps_virtual_boundaries_enabled_flag u(1)  if( sps_virtual_boundaries_enabled_flag ) {   sps_virtual_boundaries_present_flag u(1)   if( sps_virtual_boundaries_present_flag ) {    sps_num_ver_virtual_boundaries ue(v)    for( i = 0; i < sps_num_ver_virtual_boundaries; i++ )     sps_virtual_boundary_pos_x_minus1[ i ] ue(v)    sps_num_hor_virtual_boundaries ue(v)    for( i = 0; i < sps_num_hor_virtual_boundaries; i++ )     sps_virtual_boundary_pos_y_minus1[ i ] ue(v)   }  }  if( sps_ptl_dpb_hrd_params_present_flag ) {   sps_timing_hrd_params_present_flag u(1)   if( sps_timing_hrd_params_present flag ) {    general_timing_hrd_parameters( )    if( sps_max_sublayers_minus1 > 0 )     sps_sublayer_cpb_params_present_flag u(1)    firstSubLayer = sps_sublayer_cpb_params_present_flag ? 0 :      sps_max_sublayers_minus1    ols_timing_hrd_parameters( firstSubLayer, sps_max_sublayers_minus1 )   }  }  sps_field_seq_flag u(1)  sps_vui_parameters_present_flag u(1)  if( sps_vui_parameters_present_flag ) {   sps_vui_payload_size_minus1 ue(v)   while( !byte_aligned( ) )    sps_vui_alignment_zero_bit f(1)   vui_payload( sps_vui_payload_size_minus1 + 1 )  }  sps_extension_flag u(1)  if( sps_extension_flag )   while( more_rbsp_data( ) )    sps_extension_data_flag u(1)  rbsp_trailing_bits( ) }

With respect to Table 5, JVET-T2001 provides the following semantics:

-   -   An SPS RBSP shall be available to the decoding process prior to         it being referenced, included in at least one AU with TemporalId         equal to 0 or provided through external means.     -   All SPS NAL units with a particular value of         sps_seq_parameter_set_id in a CVS shall have the same content.     -   sps_seq_parameter_set_id provides an identifier for the SPS for         reference by other syntax elements.     -   SPS NAL units, regardless of the nuh_layer_id values, share the         same value space of sps_seq_parameter_set_id.     -   Let spsLayerId be the value of the nuh_layer_id of a particular         SPS NAL unit, and vclLayerId be the value of the nuh_layer_id of         a particular VCL NAL unit. The particular VCL NAL unit shall not         refer to the particular SPS NAL unit unless spsLayerId is less         than or equal to vclLayerId and all OLSs specified by the VPS         that contain the layer with nuh_layer_id equal to vclLayerId         also contain the layer with nuh_layer_id equal to spsLayerId.     -   NOTE—In a CVS that contains only one layer, the nuh_layer_id of         referenced SPSs is equal to the nuh_layer_id of the VCL NAL         units.     -   sps_video_parameter_set_id, when greater than 0, specifies the         value of vps_video_parameter_set_id for the VPS referred to by         the SPS.     -   When sps_video_parameter_set_id is equal to 0, the following         applies:         -   The SPS does not refer to a VPS, and no VPS is referred to             when decoding each CLVS referring to the SPS.         -   The value of vps_max_layers_minus1 is inferred to be equal             to 0.         -   The CVS shall contain only one layer (i.e., all VCL NAL unit             in the CVS shall have the same value of nuh_layer_id).         -   The value of GeneralLayerIdx[nuh_layer_id] is set equal to             0.         -   The value of             vps_independent_layer_flag[GeneralLayerIdx[nuh_layer_id] ]             is inferred to be equal to 1.         -   The value of TotalNumOlss is set equal to 1, the value of             NumLayersInOls[0] is set equal to 1, and value of             vps_layer_id[0] is inferred to be equal to the value of             nuh_layer_id of all the VCL NAL units, and the value of             LayerIdInOls[0][0] is set equal to vps_layer_id[0].             -   NOTE—When sps_video_parameter_set_id is equal to 0, the                 phrase “layers specified by the VPS” used in the                 specification refers to the only present layer that has                 nuh_layer_id equal to vps_layer_id[0], and the phrase                 “OLSs specified by the VPS” used in the specification                 refers to the only present OLS that has OLS index equal                 to 0 and LayerIdInOls[0][0] equal to vps_layer_id[0].     -   When vps_independent_layer_flag[GeneralLayerIdx[nuh_layer_id] ]         is equal to 1, the SPS referred to by a CLVS with a particular         nuh_layer_id value nuhLayerId shall have nuh_layer_id equal to         nuhLayerId.     -   The value of sps_video_parameter_set_id shall be the same in all         SPSs that are referred to by CLVSs in a CVS.     -   sps_max_sublayers_minus1 plus 1 specifies the maximum number of         temporal sublayers that could be present in each CLVS referring         to the SPS.     -   If sps_videoparameter_set_id is greater than 0, the value of         sps_max_sublayers_minus1 shall be in the range of 0 to         vps_max_sublayers_minus1, inclusive.     -   Otherwise (sps_video_parameter_set_id is equal to 0), the         following applies:         -   The value of sps_max_sublayers_minus1 shall be in the range             of 0 to 6, inclusive.         -   The value of vps_max_sublayers_minus1 is inferred to be             equal to sps_max_sublayers_minus1.         -   The value of NumSubLayersInLayerInOLS[0][0] is inferred to             be equal to sps_max_sublayers_minus1+1.         -   The value of vps_ols_ptl_idx[0] is inferred to be equal to             0, and the value of vps_ptl_max_tid[vps_ols_ptl_idx[0] ],             i.e., vps_ptl_max_tid[0], is inferred to be equal to             sps_max_sublayers_minus1.     -   sps_chroma_format_idc specifies the chroma sampling relative to         the luma sampling as specified in subclause 6.2.     -   When sps_videoparameter_set_id is greater than 0 and the SPS is         referenced by a layer that is included in the i-th multi-layer         OLS specified by the VPS for any i in the range of 0 to         NumMultiLayerOlss−1, inclusive, it is a requirement of bitstream         conformance that the value of sps_chroma_format_idc shall be         less than or equal to the value of vps_ols_dpb_chroma_format[i].     -   sps_log2_ctu_size_minus5 plus 5 specifies the luma coding tree         block size of each CTU. The value of sps_log2 ctu_size_minus5         shall be in the range of 0 to 2, inclusive. The value 3 for         sps_log2_ctu_size_minus5 is reserved for future use by         ITU-T|ISO/IEC. Decoders conforming to this version of this         Specification shall ignore the CLVSs with         sps_log2_ctu_size_minus5 equal to 3.     -   The variables CtbLog2SizeY and CtbSizeY are derived as follows:

CtbLog2SizeY = sps_log2_ctu_size_minus5 + 5 CtbSizeY = 1 << CtbLog2SizeY

-   -   sps_ptl_dpb_hrdparams_present_flag equal to 1 specifies that a         profile_tier_level( ) syntax structure and a dpb_parameters( )         syntax structure are present in the SPS, and a         general_timing_hrd_parameters( ) syntax structure and an         ols_timing_hrd_parameters( ) syntax structure could also be         present in the SPS. sps_ptl_dpb_hrd_params_present_flag equal to         0 specifies that none of these four syntax structures is present         in the SPS.     -   When sps_video_parameter_set_id is greater than 0 and there is         an OLS that contains only one layer with nuh_layer_id equal to         the nuh_layer_id of the SPS, or when sps_video_parameter_set_id         is equal to 0, the value of sps_tl_dpb_hrd_params_present_flag         shall be equal to 1.     -   sps_gdr_enabled_flag equal to 1 specifies that GDR pictures are         enabled and could be present in the CLVS. sps_gdr_enabled_flag         equal to 0 specifies that GDR pictures are disabled and not         present in the CLVS.     -   sps_ref_pic_resampling_enabled_flag equal to 1 specifies that         reference picture resampling is enabled and a current picture         referring to the SPS might have slices that refer to a reference         picture in an active entry of an RPL that has one or more of the         following seven parameters different than that of the current         picture: 1) pps_pic_width_in_luma_samples, 2)         pps_pic_height_in_luma_samples, 3)         pps_scaling_win_left_offset, 4) pps_scaling_win_right_offset, 5)         pps_scaling_win_top_offset, 6) pps_scaling_win_bottom_offset,         and 7) sps_num_subpics_minus1.         sps_ref_pic_resampling_enabled_flag equal to 0 specifies that         reference picture resampling is disabled and no current picture         referring to the SPS has slices that refer to a reference         picture in an active entry of an RPL that has one or more of         these seven parameters different than that of the current         picture.         -   NOTE—When sps_ref_pic_resampling_enabled_flag is equal to 1,             for a current picture the reference picture that has one or             more of these seven parameters different than that of the             current picture could either belong to the same layer or a             different layer than the layer containing the current             picture.     -   sps_res_change_in_clvs_allowed_flag equal to 1 specifies that         the picture spatial resolution might change within a CLVS         referring to the SPS. sps_res_change_in_clvs_allowed_flag equal         to 0 specifies that the picture spatial resolution does not         change within any CLVS referring to the SPS. When not present,         the value of sps_res_change_in_clvs_allowed_flag is inferred to         be equal to 0.     -   sps_pic_width_max_in_luma_samples specifies the maximum width,         in units of luma samples, of each decoded picture referring to         the SPS. sps_pic_width_max_in_luma_samples shall not be equal to         0 and shall be an integer multiple of Max(8, MinCbSizeY).     -   When sps_video_parameter_set_id is greater than 0 and the SPS is         referenced by a layer that is included in the i-th multi-layer         OLS specified by the VPS for any i in the range of 0 to         NumMultiLayerOlss−1, inclusive, it is a requirement of bitstream         conformance that the value of sps_pic_width_max_in_luma_samples         shall be less than or equal to the value of         vps_ols_dpb_pic_width[i].     -   sps_pic_height_max_in_luma_samples specifies the maximum height,         in units of luma samples, of each decoded picture referring to         the SPS. sps_pic_height_max_in_luma_samples shall not be equal         to 0 and shall be an integer multiple of Max(8, MinCbSizeY).     -   When sps_video_parameter_set_id is greater than 0 and the SPS is         referenced by a layer that is included in the i-th multi-layer         OLS specified by the VPS for any i in the range of 0 to         NumMultiLayerOlss−1, inclusive, it is a requirement of bitstream         conformance that the value of sps_pic_height_max_in_luma_samples         shall be less than or equal to the value of         vps_ols_dpb_pic_height[i].     -   sps_conformance_window_flag equal to 1 indicates that the         conformance cropping window offset parameters follow next in the         SPS. sps_conformance_window_flag equal to 0 indicates that the         conformance cropping window offset parameters are not present in         the SPS.     -   sps_conf_win_left_offset, sps_conf_win_right_offset,         sps_conf_win_top_offset, and sps_conf_win_bottom_offset specify         the cropping window that is applied to pictures with         pps_pic_width_in_luma_samples equal to         sps_pic_width_max_in_luma_samples and         pps_pic_height_in_luma_samples equal to         sps_pic_height_max_in_luma_samples. When         sps_conformance_window_flag is equal to 0, the values of         sps_conf_win_left_offset, sps_conf_win_right_offset,         sps_conf_win_top_offset, and sps_conf_win_bottom_offset are         inferred to be equal to 0.     -   The conformance cropping window contains the luma samples with         horizontal picture coordinates from         SubWidthC*sps_conf_win_left_offset to         sps_pic_width_max_in_luma_samples−(SubWidthC*sps_conf_win_right_offset+1)         and vertical picture coordinates from         SubHeightC*sps_conf_win_top_offset to         sps_pic_height_max_in_luma_samples−(SubHeightC*sps_conf_win_bottom_offset+1),         inclusive.     -   The value of         SubWidthC*(sps_conf_win_left_offset+sps_conf_win_right_offset)         shall be less than sps_pic_width_max_in_luma_samples, and the         value of         SubHeightC*(sps_conf_win_top_offset+sps_conf_win_bottom_offset)         shall be less than sps_pic_height_max_in_luma_samples.     -   When sps_chroma_format_idc is not equal to 0, the corresponding         specified samples of the two chroma arrays are the samples         having picture coordinates (x/SubWidthC, y/SubHeightC), where         (x, y) are the picture coordinates of the specified luma         samples.         -   NOTE—The conformance cropping window offset parameters are             only applied at the output. All internal decoding processes             are applied to the uncropped picture size.     -   sps_subpic_info_present_flag equal to 1 specifies that         subpicture information is present for the CLVS and there might         be one or more than one subpicture in each picture of the CLVS.         sps_subpic_info_present_flag equal to 0 specifies that         subpicture information is not present for the CLVS and there is         only one subpicture in each picture of the CLVS.     -   When sps_res_change_in_clvs_allowed_flag is equal to 1, the         value of sps_subpic_info_present_flag shall be equal to 0.         -   NOTE—When a bitstream is the result of a subpicture             sub-bitstream extraction process and contains only a subset             of the subpictures of the input bitstream to the subpicture             sub-bitstream extraction process, it might be required to             set the value of sps_subpic_info_present_flag equal to 1 in             the RBSP of the SPSs.     -   sps_num_subpics_minus1 plus 1 specifies the number of         subpictures in each picture in the CLVS. The value of         sps_num_subpics_minus1 shall be in the range of 0 to         MaxSlicesPerAu−1, inclusive, where MaxSlicesPerAu is specified.         When not present, the value of sps_num_subpics_minus1 is         inferred to be equal to 0.     -   sps_independent_subpics_flag equal to 1 specifies that all         subpicture boundaries in the CLVS are treated as picture         boundaries and there is no loop filtering across the subpicture         boundaries. sps_independent_subpics_flag equal to 0 does not         impose such a constraint. When not present, the value of         sps_independent_subpics_flag is inferred to be equal to 1.     -   sps_subpic_same_size_flag equal to 1 specifies that all         subpictures in the CLVS have the same width specified by         sps_subpic_width_minus1[0] and the same height specified by         sps_subpic_height_minus1[0]. sps_subpic_same_size_flag equal to         0 does not impose such a constraint. When not present, the value         of sps_subpic_same_size_flag is inferred to be equal to 0. Let         the variable tmpWidthVal be set equal to         (sps_pic_width_max_in_luma_samples+CtbSizeY−1)/CtbSizeY, and the         variable tmpHeightVal be set equal to         (sps_pic_height_max_in_luma_samples+CtbSizeY−1)/CtbSizeY.     -   sps_subpic_ctu_top_left_x[i] specifies horizontal position of         top-left CTU of i-th subpicture in unit of CtbSizeY. The length         of the syntax element is Ceil(Log 2(tmpWidthVal)) bits.     -   When not present, the value of sps_subpic_ctu_top_left_x[i] is         inferred as follows:         -   If sps_subpic_same_size_flag is equal to 0 or i is equal to             0, the value of sps_subpic_ctu_top_left_x[i] is inferred to             be equal to 0.         -   Otherwise, the value of sps_subpic_ctu_top_left_x[i] is             inferred to be equal to (i %             numSubpicCols)*(sps_subpic_width_minus1[0]+1).     -   When sps_subpic_same_size_flag is equal to 1, the variable         numSubpicCols, specifying the number of subpicture columns in         each picture in the CLVS, is derived as follows:         numSubpicCols=tmpWidthVal/(sps_subpic_width_minus1[0]+1)     -   When sps_subpic_same_size_flag is equal to 1, the value of         numSubpicCols*tmpHeightVal/(sps_subpic_height_minus1[0]+1)−1         shall be equal to sps_num_subpics_minus1.     -   sps_subpic_ctu_top_left_y[i] specifies vertical position of         top-left CTU of i-th subpicture in unit of CtbSizeY. The length         of the syntax element is Ceil(Log 2(tmpHeightVal)) bits.     -   When not present, the value of sps_subpic_ctu_top_left_y[i] is         inferred as follows:         -   If sps_subpic_same_size_flag is equal to 0 or i is equal to             0, the value of sps_subpic_ctu_top_left_y[i] is inferred to             be equal to 0.         -   Otherwise, the value of sps_subpic_ctu_top_left_y[i] is             inferred to be equal to             (i/numSubpicCols)*(sps_subpic_height_minus1[0]+1).     -   sps_subpic_width_minus1[i] plus 1 specifies the width of the         i-th subpicture in units of CtbSizeY. The length of the syntax         element is Ceil(Log 2(tmpWidthVal)) bits.     -   When not present, the value of sps_subpic_width_minus1[i] is         inferred as follows:         -   If sps_subpic_same_size_flag is equal to 0 or i is equal to             0, the value of sps_subpic_width_minus1[i] is inferred to be             equal to tmpWidthVal−sps_subpic_ctu_top_left_x[i]−1.         -   Otherwise, the value of sps_subpic_width_minus1[i] is             inferred to be equal to sps_subpic_width_minus1[0].     -   When sps_subpic_same_size_flag is equal to 1, the value of         tmpWidthVal % (sps_subpic_width_minus1[0]+1) shall be equal to         0.     -   sps_subpic_height_minus1[i] plus 1 specifies the height of the         i-th subpicture in units of CtbSizeY. The length of the syntax         element is Ceil(Log 2(tmpHeightVal)) bits.     -   When not present, the value of sps_subpic_height_minus1[i] is         inferred as follows:         -   If sps_subpic_same_size_flag is equal to 0 or i is equal to             0, the value of sps_subpic_height_minus1[i] is inferred to             be equal to tmpHeightVal−sps_subpic_ctu_top_left_y[i]−1.         -   Otherwise, the value of sps_subpic_height_minus1[i] is             inferred to be equal to sps_subpic_height_minus1[0].     -   When sps_subpic_same_size_flag is equal to 1, the value of         tmpHeightVal % (sps_subpic_height_minus1[0]+1) shall be equal to         0.     -   It is a requirement of bitstream conformance that the shapes of         the subpictures shall be such that each subpicture, when         decoded, shall have its entire left boundary and entire top         boundary consisting of picture boundaries or consisting of         boundaries of previously decoded subpictures.     -   For each subpicture with subpicture index i in the range of 0 to         sps_num_subpics_minus1, inclusive, it is a requirement of         bitstream conformance that all of the following conditions are         true:         -   The value of (sps_subpic_ctu_top_left_x[i]*CtbSizeY) shall             be less than             (sps_pic_width_max_in_luma_samples−sps_conf_win_right_offset*SubWidthC).         -   The value of             ((sps_subpic_ctu_top_left_x[i]+sps_subpic_width_minus1[i]+1)*CtbSizeY)             shall be greater than (sps_conf_win_left_offset*SubWidthC).         -   The value of (sps_subpic_ctu_top_left_y[i]*CtbSizeY) shall             be less than             (sps_pic_height_max_in_luma_samples−sps_conf_win_bottom_offset*SubHeightC).         -   The value of             ((sps_subpic_ctu_top_left_y[i]+sps_subpic_height_minus1[i]+1)*CtbSizeY)             shall be greater than (sps_conf_win_top_offset*SubHeightC).     -   sps_subpic_treated_as_pic_flag[i] equal to 1 specifies that the         i-th subpicture of each coded picture in the CLVS is treated as         a picture in the decoding process excluding in-loop filtering         operations. sps_subpic_treated_as_pic_flag[i] equal to 0         specifies that the i-th subpicture of each coded picture in the         CLVS is not treated as a picture in the decoding process         excluding in-loop filtering operations. When not present, the         value of sps_subpic_treated_as_pic_flag[i] is inferred to be         equal to 1.     -   sps_loop_filter_across_subpic_enabled_flag[i] equal to 1         specifies that in-loop filtering operations across subpicture         boundaries is enabled and might be performed across the         boundaries of the i-th subpicture in each coded picture in the         CLVS. sps_loop_filter_across_subpic_enabled_flag[i] equal to 0         specifies that in-loop filtering operations across subpicture         boundaries is disabled and are not performed across the         boundaries of the i-th subpicture in each coded picture in the         CLVS. When not present, the value of         sps_loop_filter_across_subpic_enabled_pic_flag[i] is inferred to         be equal to 0.     -   sps_subpic_id_len_minus1 plus 1 specifies the number of bits         used to represent the syntax element sps_subpic_id[i], the         syntax elements pps_subpic_id[i], when present, and the syntax         element sh_subpic_id, when present. The value of         sps_subpic_id_len_minus1 shall be in the range of 0 to 15,         inclusive. The value of 1 (sps_subpic_id_len_minus1+1) shall be         greater than or equal to sps_num_subpics_minus1+1.     -   sps_subpic_id_mapping_explicitly_signalled_flag equal to 1         specifies that the subpicture ID mapping is explicitly         signalled, either in the SPS or in the PPSs referred to by coded         pictures of the CLVS.         sps_subpic_id_mapping_explicitly_signalled_flag equal to 0         specifies that the subpicture ID mapping is not explicitly         signalled for the CLVS. When not present, the value of         sps_subpic_id_mapping_explicitly_signalled_flag is inferred to         be equal to 0.     -   sps_subpic_id_mapping_present_flag equal to 1 specifies that the         subpicture ID mapping is signalled in the SPS when         sps_subpic_id_mapping_explicitly_signalled_flag is equal to 1.         sps_subpic_id_mapping_present_flag equal to 0 specifies that         subpicture ID mapping is signalled in the PPSs referred to by         coded pictures of the CLVS when         sps_subpic_id_mapping_explicitly_signalled_flag is equal to 1.     -   sps_subpic_id[i] specifies the subpicture ID of the i-th         subpicture. The length of the sps_subpic_id[i] syntax element is         sps_subpic_id_len_minus1+1 bits.     -   sps_bitdepth_minus8 specifies the bit depth of the samples of         the luma and chroma arrays, BitDepth, and the value of the luma         and chroma quantization parameter range offset, QpBdOffset, as         follows:         BitDepth=8+sps_bitdepth_minus8         QpBdOffset=6*sps_bitdepth_minus8     -   sps_bitdepth_minus8 shall be in the range of 0 to 2, inclusive.     -   When sps_video_parameter_set_id is greater than 0 and the SPS is         referenced by a layer that is included in the i-th multi-layer         OLS specified by the VPS for any i in the range of 0 to         NumMultiLayerOlss−1, inclusive, it is a requirement of bitstream         conformance that the value of sps_bitdepth_minus8 shall be less         than or equal to the value of vps_ols_dpb_bitdepth_minus8[i].         sps_entropy_coding_sync_enabled_flag equal to 1 specifies that a         specific synchronization process for context variables is         invoked before decoding the CTU that includes the first CTB of a         row of CTBs in each tile in each picture referring to the SPS,         and a specific storage process for context variables is invoked         after decoding the CTU that includes the first CTB of a row of         CTBs in each tile in each picture referring to the SPS.         sps_entropy_coding_sync_enabled_flag equal to 0 specifies that         no specific synchronization process for context variables is         required to be invoked before decoding the CTU that includes the         first CTB of a row of CTBs in each tile in each picture         referring to the SPS, and no specific storage process for         context variables is required to be invoked after decoding the         CTU that includes the first CTB of a row of CTBs in each tile in         each picture referring to the SPS.         -   NOTE—When sps_entropy_coding_sync_enabled_flag is equal to             1, the so-called wavefront parallel processing (WPP) is             enabled.     -   sps_entry_point_offsets_present_flag equal to 1 specifies that         signalling for entry point offsets for tiles or tile-specific         CTU rows could be present in the slice headers of pictures         referring to the SPS. sps_entry_point_offsets_present_flag equal         to 0 specifies that signalling for entry point offsets for tiles         or tile-specific CTU rows are not present in the slice headers         of pictures referring to the SPS.     -   sps_log2_max_pic_order_cnt_lsb_minus4 specifies the value of the         variable MaxPicOrderCntLsb that is used in the decoding process         for picture order count as follows:         MaxPicOrderCntLsb=2^((sps_log)2_max_pic_order_cnt_lsb_minus4+4)     -   The value of sps_log2_max_pic_order_cnt_lsb_minus4 shall be in         the range of 0 to 12, inclusive.     -   sps_poc_msb_cycle_flag equal to 1 specifies that the         ph_poc_msb_cycle_present_flag syntax element is present in PH         syntax structures referring to the SPS. sps_poc_msb_cycle_flag         equal to 0 specifies that the ph_poc_msb_cycle_present_flag         syntax element is not present in PH syntax structures referring         to the SPS.     -   sps_poc_msb_cycle_len_minus1 plus 1 specifies the length, in         bits, of the ph_poc_msb_cycle_val syntax elements, when present         in PH syntax structures referring to the SPS. The value of         sps_poc_msb_cycle_len_minus1 shall be in the range of 0 to         32−sps_log2_max_pic_order_cnt_lsb_minus4-5, inclusive.     -   sps_num_extra_ph_bytes specifies the number of bytes of extra         bits in the PH syntax structure for coded pictures referring to         the SPS. The value of sps_num_extraph_bytes shall be equal to 0         in bitstreams conforming to this version of this Specification.         Although the value of sps_num_extraph_bytes is required to be         equal to 0 in this version of this Specification, decoders         conforming to this version of this Specification shall allow the         value of sps_num_extra_ph_bytes equal to 1 or 2 to appear in the         syntax.     -   sps_extra_ph_bit_present_flag[i] equal to 1 specifies that the         i-th extra bit is present in PH syntax structures referring to         the SPS. sps_extra_ph_bit_present_flag[i] equal to 0 specifies         that the i-th extra bit is not present in PH syntax structures         referring to the SPS.     -   The variable NumExtraPhBits is derived as follows:

NumExtraPhBits = 0 for( i = 0; i < ( sps_num_extra_ph_bytes * 8 ); i++ )  if( sps_extra_ph_bit_present_flag[ i ] )   NumExtraPhBits++

-   -   sps_num_extra_sh_bytes specifies the number of bytes of extra         bits in the slice headers for coded pictures referring to the         SPS. The value of sps_num_extra_sh_bytes shall be equal to 0 in         bitstreams conforming to this version of this Specification.         Although the value of sps_num_extra_sh_bytes is required to be         equal to 0 in this version of this Specification, decoders         conforming to this version of this Specification shall allow the         value of sps_num_extra_sh_bytes equal to 1 or 2 to appear in the         syntax.     -   sps_extra_sh_bit_present_flag[i] equal to 1 specifies that the         i-th extra bit is present in the slice headers of pictures         referring to the SPS. sps_extra_sh_bit_present_flag[i] equal to         0 specifies that the i-th extra bit is not present in the slice         headers of pictures referring to the SPS.     -   The variable NumExtraShBits is derived as follows:

NumExtraShBits = 0 for( i = 0; i < ( sps_num_extra_sh_bytes * 8 ); i++ )  if( sps_extra_sh_bit_present_flag[ i ] )   NumExtraShBits++

-   -   sps_sublayer_dpb_params_flag is used to control the presence of         dpb_max_dec_pic_buffering_minus1[i],         dpb_max_num_reorder_pics[i], and         dpb_max_latency_increase_plus1[i] syntax elements in the         dpb_parameters( ) syntax structure in the SPS for i in range         from 0 to sps_max_sublayers_minus1−1, inclusive, when         sps_max_sublayers_minus1 is greater than 0. When not present,         the value of sps_sublayer_dpb_params_flag is inferred to be         equal to 0.     -   sps_log2_min_luma_coding_block_size_minus2 plus 2 specifies the         minimum luma coding block size. The value range of         sps_log2_min_luma_coding_block_size_minus2 shall be in the range         of 0 to Min(4, sps_log2_ctu_size_minus5+3), inclusive.     -   The variables MinCbLog2SizeY, MinCbSizeY, IbcBufWidthY,         IbcBufWidthC and Vsize are derived as follows:

MinCbLog2SizeY = sps_log2_min_luma_coding_block_size_minus2 + 2 MinCbSizeY = 1 << MinCbLog2SizeY IbcBufWidthY = 256 * 128 / CtbSizeY IbcBufWidthC = IbcBufWidthY / SubWidthC VSize = Min( 64, CtbSizeY )

-   -   The value of MinCbSizeY shall less than or equal to VSize.     -   The variables CtbWidthC and CtbHeightC, which specify the width         and height, respectively, of the array for each chroma CTB, are         derived as follows:         -   If sps_chroma_format_idc is equal to 0 (monochrome),             CtbWidthC and CtbHeightC are both set equal to 0.         -   Otherwise, CtbWidthC and CtbHeightC are derived as follows:             CtbWidthC=CtbSizeY/SubWidthC             CtbHeightC=CtbSizeY/SubHeightC     -   For log2BlockWidth ranging from 0 to 4 and for log2BlockHeight         ranging from 0 to 4, inclusive, the up-right diagonal scan order         array initialization process as specified is invoked with         1<<log2BlockWidth and 1<<log2BlockHeight as inputs, and the         output is assigned to         DiagScanOrder[log2BlockWidth][log2BlockHeight].     -   For log2BlockWidth ranging from 0 to 6 and for log2BlockHeight         ranging from 0 to 6, inclusive, the horizontal and vertical         traverse scan order array initialization process as specified is         invoked with 1<<log2BlockWidth and 1<<log2BlockHeight as inputs,         and the output is assigned to         HorTravScanOrder[log2BlockWidth][log2BlockHeight] and         VerTravScanOrder[log2BlockWidth][log2BlockHeight].     -   sps_partition_constraints_override_enabled_flag equal to 1         specifies the presence of ph_partition_constraints_override_flag         in PH syntax structures referring to the SPS.         sps_partition_constraints_override_enabled_flag equal to 0         specifies the absence of ph_partition_constraints_override_flag         in PH syntax structures referring to the SPS.     -   sps_log2_diff_min_qt_min_cb_intra_slice_luma specifies the         default difference between the base 2 logarithm of the minimum         size in luma samples of a luma leaf block resulting from         quadtree splitting of a CTU and the base 2 logarithm of the         minimum coding block size in luma samples for luma CUs in slices         with sh_slice_type equal to 2 (I) referring to the SPS. When         sps_partition_constraints_override_enabled_flag is equal to 1,         the default difference can be overridden by         ph_log2_diff_min_qt_min_cb_intra_slice_luma present in PH syntax         structures referring to the SPS. The value of         sps_log2_diff_min_qt_min_cb_intra_slice_luma shall be in the         range of 0 to Min(6, CtbLog2SizeY)−MinCbLog2SizeY, inclusive.         The base 2 logarithm of the minimum size in luma samples of a         luma leaf block resulting from quadtree splitting of a CTU is         derived as follows:         MinQtLog2SizeIntraY=sps_log2_diff_min_qt_min_cb_intra_slice_luma+MinCbLog2SizeY     -   sps_max_mtt_hierarchy_depth_intra_slice_luma specifies the         default maximum hierarchy depth for coding units resulting from         multi-type tree splitting of a quadtree leaf in slices with         sh_slice_type equal to 2 (I) referring to the SPS. When         sps_partition_constraints_override_enabled_flag is equal to 1,         the default maximum hierarchy depth can be overridden by         ph_max_mtt_hierarchy_depth_intra_slice_luma present in PH syntax         structures referring to the SPS. The value of         sps_max_mtt_hierarchy_depth_intra_slice_luma shall be in the         range of 0 to 2*(CtbLog2SizeY−MinCbLog2SizeY), inclusive.     -   sps_log2_diff_max_bt_min_qt_intra_slice_luma specifies the         default difference between the base 2 logarithm of the maximum         size (width or height) in luma samples of a luma coding block         that can be split using a binary split and the base 2 logarithm         of the minimum size (width or height) in luma samples of a luma         leaf block resulting from quadtree splitting of a CTU in slices         with sh_slice_type equal to 2 (I) referring to the SPS. When         sps_partition_constraints_override_enabled_flag is equal to 1,         the default difference can be overridden by         ph_log2_diff_max_bt_min_qt_luma present in PH syntax structures         referring to the SPS. The value of         sps_log2_diff_max_bt_min_qt_intra_slice_luma shall be in the         range of 0 to CtbLog2SizeY-MinQtLog2SizeIntraY, inclusive. When         sps_log2_diff_max_bt_min_qt_intra_slice_luma is not present, the         value of sps_log2_diff_max_bt_min_qt_intra_slice_luma is         inferred to be equal to 0.     -   sps_log2_diff_max_tt_min_qt_intra_slice_luma specifies the         default difference between the base 2 logarithm of the maximum         size (width or height) in luma samples of a luma coding block         that can be split using a ternary split and the base 2 logarithm         of the minimum size (width or height) in luma samples of a luma         leaf block resulting from quadtree splitting of a CTU in slices         with sh_slice_type equal to 2 (1) referring to the SPS. When         sps_partition_constraints_override_enabled_flag is equal to 1,         the default difference can be overridden by         ph_log2_diff_max_tt_min_qt_luma present in PH syntax structures         referring to the SPS. The value of         sps_log2_diff_max_tt_min_qt_intra_slice_luma shall be in the         range of 0 to Min(6, CtbLog2SizeY)−MinQtLog2SizeIntraY,         inclusive. When sps_log2_diff_max_tt_min_qt_intra_slice_luma is         not present, the value of         sps_log2_diff_max_tt_min_qt_intra_slice_luma is inferred to be         equal to 0.     -   sps_qtbtt_dual_tree_intra_flag equal to 1 specifies that, for I         slices, each CTU is split into coding units with 64×64 luma         samples using an implicit quadtree split, and these coding units         are the root of two separate coding_tree syntax structure for         luma and chroma. sps_qtbtt_dual_tree_intra_flag equal to 0         specifies separate coding_tree syntax structure is not used for         I slices. When sps_qtbtt_dual_tree_intra_flag is not present, it         is inferred to be equal to 0. When         sps_log2_diff_max_bt_min_qt_intra_slice_luma is greater than         Min(6, CtbLog2SizeY)−MinQtLog2SizeIntraY, the value of         sps_qtbtt_dual_tree_intra_flag shall be equal to 0.     -   sps_log2_diff_min_qt_min_cb_intra_slice_chroma specifies the         default difference between the base 2 logarithm of the minimum         size in luma samples of a chroma leaf block resulting from         quadtree splitting of a chroma CTU with treeType equal to         DUAL_TREE_CHROMA and the base 2 logarithm of the minimum coding         block size in luma samples for chroma CUs with treeType equal to         DUAL_TREE_CHROMA in slices with sh_slice_type equal to 2 (I)         referring to the SPS. When         sps_partition_constraints_override_enabled_flag is equal to 1,         the default difference can be overridden by         ph_log2_diff_min_qt_min_cb_chroma present in PH syntax         structures referring to the SPS. The value of         sps_log2_diff_min_qt_min_cb_intra_slice_chroma shall be in the         range of 0 to Min(6, CtbLog2SizeY)−MinCbLog2SizeY, inclusive.         When not present, the value of         sps_log2_diff_min_qt_min_cb_intra_slice_chroma is inferred to be         equal to 0. The base 2 logarithm of the minimum size in luma         samples of a chroma leaf block resulting from quadtree splitting         of a CTU with treeType equal to DUAL_TREE_CHROMA is derived as         follows:         MinQtLog2SizelntraC=sps_log2_diff_min_qt_min_cb_intra_slice_chroma+MinCbLog2SizeY     -   sps_max_mtt_hierarchy_depth_intra_slice_chroma specifies the         default maximum hierarchy depth for chroma coding units         resulting from multi-type tree splitting of a chroma quadtree         leaf with treeType equal to DUAL_TREE_CHROMA in slices with         sh_slice_type equal to 2 (I) referring to the SPS. When         sps_partition_constraints_override_enabled_flag is equal to 1,         the default maximum hierarchy_depth can be overridden by         ph_max_mtt_hierarchy_depth_chroma present in PH syntax         structures referring to the SPS. The value of         sps_max_mtt_hierarchy_depth_intra_slice_chroma shall be in the         range of 0 to 2*(CtbLog2SizeY−MinCbLog2SizeY), inclusive. When         not present, the value of         sps_max_mtt_hierarchy_depth_intra_slice_chroma is inferred to be         equal to 0.     -   sps_log2_diff_max_bt_min_qt_intra_slice_chroma specifies the         default difference between the base 2 logarithm of the maximum         size (width or height) in luma samples of a chroma coding block         that can be split using a binary split and the base 2 logarithm         of the minimum size (width or height) in luma samples of a         chroma leaf block resulting from quadtree splitting of a chroma         CTU with treeType equal to DUAL_TREE_CHROMA in slices with         sh_slice_type equal to 2 (I) referring to the SPS. When         sps_partition_constraints_override_enabled_flag is equal to 1,         the default difference can be overridden by         ph_log2_diff_max_bt_min_qt_chroma present in PH syntax         structures referring to the SPS. The value of         sps_log2_diff_max_bt_min_qt_intra_slice_chroma shall be in the         range of 0 to Min(6, CtbLog2SizeY)−MinQtLog2SizeIntraC,         inclusive. When sps_log2_diff_max_bt_min_qt_intra_slice_chroma         is not present, the value of         sps_log2_diff_max_bt_min_qt_intra_slice_chroma is inferred to be         equal to 0.     -   sps_log2_diff_max_tt_min_qt_intra_slice_chroma specifies the         default difference between the base 2 logarithm of the maximum         size (width or height) in luma samples of a chroma coding block         that can be split using a ternary split and the base 2 logarithm         of the minimum size (width or height) in luma samples of a         chroma leaf block resulting from quadtree splitting of a chroma         CTU with treeType equal to DUAL_TREE_CHROMA in slices with         sh_slice_type equal to 2 (I) referring to the SPS. When         sps_partition_constraints_override_enabled_flag is equal to 1,         the default difference can be overridden by         ph_log2_diff_max_tt_min_qt_chroma present in PH syntax         structures referring to the SPS. The value of         sps_log2_diff_max_tt_min_qt_intra_slice_chroma shall be in the         range of 0 to Min(6, CtbLog2SizeY)−MinQtLog2SizeIntraC,         inclusive. When sps_log2_diff_max_tt_min_qt_intra_slice_chroma         is not present, the value of         sps_log2_diff_max_tt_min_qt_intra_slice_chroma is inferred to be         equal to 0.     -   sps_log2_diff_min_qt_min_cb_inter_slice specifies the default         difference between the base 2 logarithm of the minimum size in         luma samples of a luma leaf block resulting from quadtree         splitting of a CTU and the base 2 logarithm of the minimum luma         coding block size in luma samples for luma CUs in slices with         sh_slice_type equal to 0 (B) or 1 (P) referring to the SPS. When         sps_partition_constraints_override_enabled_flag is equal to 1,         the default difference can be overridden by         ph_log2_diff_min_qt_min_cb_inter_slice present in PH syntax         structures referring to the SPS. The value of         sps_log2_diff_min_qt_min_cb_inter_slice shall be in the range of         0 to Min(6, CtbLog2SizeY)−MinCbLog2SizeY, inclusive. The base 2         logarithm of the minimum size in luma samples of a luma leaf         block resulting from quadtree splitting of a CTU is derived as         follows:         MinQtLog2SizeInterY=sps_log2_diff_min_qt_min_cb_inter_slice+MinCbLog2SizeY     -   sps_max_mtt_hierarchy_depth_inter_slice specifies the default         maximum hierarchy depth for coding units resulting from         multi-type tree splitting of a quadtree leaf in slices with         sh_slice_type equal to 0 (B) or 1 (P) referring to the SPS. When         sps_partition_constraints_override_enabled_flag is equal to 1,         the default maximum hierarchy depth can be overridden by         ph_max_mtt_hierarchy_depth_inter_slice present in PH syntax         structures referring to the SPS. The value of         sps_max_mtt_hierarchy_depth_inter_slice shall be in the range of         0 to 2*(CtbLog2SizeY−MinCbLog2SizeY), inclusive.     -   sps_log2_diff_max_bt_min_qt_inter_slice specifies the default         difference between the base 2 logarithm of the maximum size         (width or height) in luma samples of a luma coding block that         can be split using a binary split and the base 2 logarithm of         the minimum size (width or height) in luma samples of a luma         leaf block resulting from quadtree splitting of a CTU in slices         with sh_slice_type equal to 0 (B) or 1 (P) referring to the SPS.         When sps_partition_constraints_override_enabled_flag is equal to         1, the default difference can be overridden by         ph_log2_diff_max_bt_min_qt_luma present in PH syntax structures         referring to the SPS. The value of         sps_log2_diff_max_bt_min_qt_inter_slice shall be in the range of         0 to CtbLog2SizeY-MinQtLog2SizeInterY, inclusive. When         sps_log2_diff_max_bt_min_qt_inter_slice is not present, the         value of sps_log2-diff_max_bt_min_qt_inter_slice is inferred to         be equal to 0.     -   sps_log2_diff_max_tt_min_qt_inter_slice specifies the default         difference between the base 2 logarithm of the maximum size         (width or height) in luma samples of a luma coding block that         can be split using a ternary split and the base 2 logarithm of         the minimum size (width or height) in luma samples of a luma         leaf block resulting from quadtree splitting of a CTU in slices         with sh_slice_type equal to 0 (B) or 1 (P) referring to the SPS.         When sps_partition_constraints_override_enabled_flag is equal to         1, the default difference can be overridden by         ph_log2_diff_max_tt_min_qt_luma present in PH syntax structures         referring to the SPS. The value of         sps_log2_diff_max_tt_min_qt_inter_slice shall be in the range of         0 to Min(6, CtbLog2SizeY)−MinQtLog2SizeInterY, inclusive. When         sps_log2_diff_max_tt_min_qt_inter_slice is not present, the         value of sps_log2_diff_max_tt_min_qt_inter_slice is inferred to         be equal to 0.     -   sps_max_luma_transform_size_64_flag equal to 1 specifies that         the maximum transform size in luma samples is equal to 64.         sps_max_luma_transform_size_64 flag equal to 0 specifies that         the maximum transform size in luma samples is equal to 32. When         not present, the value of sps_max_luma_transform_size_64_flag is         inferred to be equal to 0.     -   The variables MinTbLog 2SizeY, MaxTbLog 2SizeY, MinTbSizeY, and         MaxTbSizeY are derived as follows:

MinTbLog2SizeY = 2 MaxTbLog2SizeY = sps_max_luma_transform_size_64_flag ? 6 : 5 MinTbSizeY = 1 << MinTbLog2SizeY MaxTbSizeY = 1 << MaxTbLog2SizeY

-   -   sps_transform_skip_enabled_flag equal to 1 specifies that         transform_skip_flag could be present in the transform unit         syntax. sps_transform_skip_enabled_flag equal to 0 specifies         that transform_skip_flag is not present in the transform unit         syntax.     -   sps_log2_transform_skip_max_size_minus2 specifies the maximum         block size used for transform skip, and shall be in the range of         0 to 3, inclusive.     -   The variable MaxTsSize is set equal to 1<<(sps_log2         transform_skip_max_size_minus2+2).     -   sps_bdpcm_enabled_flag equal to 1 specifies that         intra_bdpcm_luma_flag and intra_bdpcm_chroma_flag could be         present in the coding unit syntax for intra coding units.         sps_bdpcm_enabled_flag equal to 0 specifies that         intra_bdpcm_luma_flag and intra_bdpcm_chroma_flag are not         present in the coding unit syntax for intra coding units. When         not present, the value of sps_bdpcm_enabled_flag is inferred to         be equal to 0.     -   sps_mts_enabled_flag equal to 1 specifies that         sps_explicit_mts_intra_enabled_flag and         sps_explicit_mts_inter_enabled_flag are present in the SPS.         sps_mts_enabled_flag equal to 0 specifies that         sps_explicit_mts_intra_enabled flag and         sps_explicit_mts_inter_enabled_flag are not present in the SPS.     -   sps_explicit_mts_intra_enabled_flag equal to 1 specifies that         mts_idx could be present in the intra coding unit syntax of the         CLVS. sps_explicit_mts_intra_enabled_flag equal to 0 specifies         that mts_idx is not present in the intra coding unit syntax of         the CLVS. When not present, the value of         sps_explicit_mts_intra_enabled flag is inferred to be equal to         0.     -   sps_explicit_mts_inter_enabled_flag equal to 1 specifies that         mts_idx could be present in the inter coding unit syntax of the         CLVS. sps_explicit_mts_inter_enabled_flag equal to 0 specifies         that mts_idx is not present in the inter coding unit syntax of         the CLVS. When not present, the value of         sps_explicit_mts_inter_enabled_flag is inferred to be equal to         0.     -   sps_lfnst_enabled_flag equal to 1 specifies that lfnst_idx could         be present in intra coding unit syntax. sps_lfnst_enabled flag         equal to 0 specifies that lfnst_idx is not present in intra         coding unit syntax.     -   sps_joint_cbcr_enabled_flag equal to 1 specifies that the joint         coding of chroma residuals is enabled for the CLVS.         sps_joint_cbcr_enabled_flag equal to 0 specifies that the joint         coding of chroma residuals is disabled for the CLVS. When not         present, the value of sps_joint_cbcr_enabled_flag is inferred to         be equal to 0.     -   sps_same_qp_table_for_chroma_flag equal to 1 specifies that only         one chroma QP mapping table is signalled and this table applies         to Cb and Cr residuals and additionally to joint Cb-Cr residuals         when sps_joint_cbcr_enabled_flag is equal to 1.         sps_same_qp_table_for_chroma_flag equal to 0 specifies that         chroma QP mapping tables, two for Cb and Cr, and one additional         for joint Cb-Cr when sps_joint_cbcr_enabled_flag is equal to 1,         are signalled in the SPS. When not present, the value of         sps_same_qp_table_for_chroma_flag is inferred to be equal to 1.     -   sps_qp_table_start_minus26[i] plus 26 specifies the starting         luma and chroma QP used to describe the i-th chroma QP mapping         table. The value of sps_qp_table_start_minus26[i] shall be in         the range of −26−QpBdOffset to 36 inclusive. When not present,         the value of sps_qp_table_start_minus26[i] is inferred to be         equal to 0.     -   sps_num_points_in_qp_table_minus1[i] plus 1 specifies the number         of points used to describe the i-th chroma QP mapping table. The         value of sps_numjoints_in_qp_table_minus[i] shall be in the         range of 0 to 36-sps_qp_table_start_minus26[i], inclusive. When         not present, the value of sps_num_points_in_qp_table_minus1[0]         is inferred to be equal to 0.     -   sps_delta_qp_in_val_minus1[i][j] specifies a delta value used to         derive the input coordinate of the j-th pivot point of the i-th         chroma QP mapping table. When not present, the value of         sps_delta_qp_in_val_minus1[0][j] is inferred to be equal to 0.     -   sps_delta_qp_diff_val[i][j] specifies a delta value used to         derive the output coordinate of the j-th pivot point of the i-th         chroma QP mapping table.     -   The i-th chroma QP mapping table ChromaQpTable[i] for i=0 . . .         numQpTables−1 is derived as follows:

qpInVal[ i ][ 0 ] = sps_qp_table_start_minus26[ i ] + 26 qpOutVal[ i ][ 0 ] = qpInVal[ i ][ 0 ] for( j = 0; j <= sps_num_points_in_qp_table_minus1[ i ]; j++ ) {  qpInVal[ i ][ j + 1 ] = qpInVal[ i ][ j ] + sps_delta_qp_in_val_minus1[ i ][ j ] + 1  qpOutVal[ i ][ j + 1 ] = qpOutVal[ i ][ j ] +   ( sps_delta_qp_in_val_minus1[ i ][ j ] {circumflex over ( )} sps_delta_qp_diff_val[ i ][ j ] ) } ChromaQpTable[ i ][ qpInVal[ i ][ 0 ] ] = qpOutVal[ i ][ 0 ] for( k = qpInVal[ i ][ 0 ] − 1; k >= −QpBdOffset; k − − )  ChromaQpTable[ i ][ k ] = Clip3( −QpBdOffset, 63, ChromaQpTable[ i ][ k + 1 ] − 1 ) for( j = 0; j <= sps_num_points_in_qp_table_minus1[ i ]; j++ ) {  sh = ( sps_delta_qp_in_val_minus1[ i ][j ] + 1 ) >> 1  for( k = qpInVal[ i ][ j ] + 1, m = 1; k <= qpInVal[ i ][ j + 1 ]; k++, m++ )   ChromaQpTable[ i ][ k ] = ChromaQpTable[ i ][ qpInVal[ i ][ j ] ] +    ( ( qpOutVal[ i ][j + 1] − qpOutVal[ i ][ j ] ) * m + sh ) / ( sps_delta_qp_in_val_minus1[ i ][ j ] + 1 ) } for( k = qpInVal[ i ][ sps_num_points_in_qp_table_minus1[ i ] + 1 ] + 1; k <= 63; k++ )  ChromaQpTable[ i ][ k ] = Clip3( −QpBdOffset, 63, ChromaQpTable[ i ][ k − 1 ] + 1 )

-   -   When sps_same_qp_table_for_chroma_flag is equal to 1,         ChromaQpTable[1][k] and ChromaQpTable[2][k] are set equal to         ChromaQpTable[0][k] for k in the range of −QpBdOffset to 63,         inclusive.     -   It is a requirement of bitstream conformance that the values of         qpInVa1[i][j] and qpOutVa1[i][j] shall be in the range of         −QpBdOffset to 63, inclusive for i in the range of 0 to         numQpTables−1, inclusive, and j in the range of 0 to         sps_num_points_in_qp_table_minus1[i]+1, inclusive.     -   sps_sao_enabled_flag equal to 1 specifies that SAO is enabled         for the CLVS. sps_sao_enabled_flag equal to 0 specifies that SAO         is disabled for the CLVS.     -   sps_alf_enabled_flag equal to 1 specifies that ALF is enabled         for the CLVS. sps_alf_enabled_flag equal to 0 specifies that ALF         is disabled for the CLVS.     -   sps_ccalf_enabled_flag equal to 1 specifies that CCALF is         enabled for the CLVS. sps_ccalf_enabled_flag equal to 0         specifies that CCALF is disabled for the CLVS. When not present,         the value of sps_ccalf_enabled_flag is inferred to be equal to         0.     -   sps_1mcs_enabled_flag equal to 1 specifies that LMCS is enabled         for the CLVS. sps_1mcs_enabled_flag equal to 0 specifies that         LMCS is disabled for the CLVS.     -   sps_weighted_pred_flag equal to 1 specifies that weighted         prediction might be applied to P slices referring to the SPS.         sps_weighted_pred_flag equal to 0 specifies that weighted         prediction is not applied to P slices referring to the SPS.     -   sps_weighted_bipred_flag equal to 1 specifies that explicit         weighted prediction might be applied to B slices referring to         the SPS. sps_weighted_bipred_flag equal to 0 specifies that         explicit weighted prediction is not applied to B slices         referring to the SPS.     -   sps_long_term_ref_pics_flag equal to 0 specifies that no LTRP is         used for inter prediction of any coded picture in the CLVS.         sps_long_term_ref_pics_flag equal to 1 specifies that LTRPs         might be used for inter prediction of one or more coded pictures         in the CLVS.     -   sps_inter_layer_prediction_enabled_flag equal to 1 specifies         that inter-layer prediction is enabled for the CLVS and ILRPs         might be used for inter prediction of one or more coded pictures         in the CLVS. sps_inter_layerprediction_enabled_flag equal to 0         specifies that inter-layer prediction is disabled for the CLVS         and no ILRP is used for inter prediction of any coded picture in         the CLVS. When sps_videoparameter_set_id is equal to 0, the         value of sps_inter_layer_prediction_enabled_flag is inferred to         be equal to 0. When         vps_independent_layer_flag[GeneralLayerIdx[nuh_layer_id] ] is         equal to 1, the value of sps_inter_layer_prediction_enabled_flag         shall be equal to 0.     -   sps_idr_rpl_present_flag equal to 1 specifies that RPL syntax         elements could be present in slice headers of slices with         nal_unit_type equal to IDR_N_LP or IDR_W_RADL.         sps_idr_rpl_present_flag equal to 0 specifies that RPL syntax         elements are not present in slice headers of slices with         nal_unit_type equal to IDR_N_LP or IDR_W_RADL.     -   sps_rpl1_same_as_rpl0_flag equal to 1 specifies that the syntax         element sps_num_ref_pic_lists[1] and the syntax structure         ref_pic_list_struct(1, rplsIdx) are not present and the         following applies:         -   The value of sps_num_ref_pic_lists[1] is inferred to be             equal to the value of sps_num_ref_pic_lists[0].         -   The value of each of syntax elements in             ref_pic_list_struct(1, rplsIdx) is inferred to be equal to             the value of corresponding syntax element in             ref_pic_list_struct(0, rplsIdx) for rplsIdx ranging from 0             to sps_num_ref_pic_lists[0]−1.     -   sps_num_ref_pic_lists[i] specifies the number of the         ref_pic_list_struct(listIdx, rplsIdx) syntax structures with         listIdx equal to i included in the SPS. The value of         sps_num_ref_pic_lists[i] shall be in the range of 0 to 64,         inclusive.         -   NOTE—For each value of listIdx (equal to 0 or 1), a decoder             could allocate memory for a total number of             sps_num_ref_pic_lists[i]+1 ref_pic_list_struct(listIdx,             rplsIdx) syntax structures since there could be one             ref_pic_list_struct(listIdx, rplsIdx) syntax structure             directly signalled in the picture headers or slice headers             of a current picture.     -   sps_ref_wraparound_enabled_flag equal to 1 specifies that         horizontal wrap-around motion compensation is enabled for the         CLVS. sps_ref_wraparound_enabled_flag equal to 0 specifies that         horizontal wrap-around motion compensation is disabled for the         CLVS.     -   It is a requirement of bitstream conformance that, when there is         one or more values of i in the range of 0 to         sps_num_subpics_minus1, inclusive, for which         sps_subpic_treated_as_pic_flag[i] is equal to 1 and         sps_subpic_width_minus1[i] plus 1 is not equal to         (sps_pic_width_max_in_luma_samples+CtbSizeY−1)>>CtbLog2SizeY),         the value of sps_ref_wraparound_enabled_flag shall be equal to         0.     -   sps_temporal_mvp_enabled_flag equal to 1 specifies that temporal         motion vector predictors are enabled for the CLVS.         sps_temporal_mvp_enabled_flag equal to 0 specifies that temporal         motion vector predictors are disabled for the CLVS.     -   sps_sbtmvp_enabled_flag equal to 1 specifies that subblock-based         temporal motion vector predictors are enabled and might be used         in decoding of pictures with all slices having sh_slice_type not         equal to I in the CLVS. sps_sbtmvp_enabled_flag equal to 0         specifies that subblock-based temporal motion vector predictors         are disabled and not used in decoding of pictures in the CLVS.         When sps_sbtmvp_enabled_flag is not present, it is inferred to         be equal to 0.     -   sps_amvr_enabled_flag equal to 1 specifies that adaptive motion         vector difference resolution is enabled for the CVLS.         amvr_enabled_flag equal to 0 specifies that adaptive motion         vector difference resolution is disabled for the CLVS.     -   sps_bdof_enabled_flag equal to 1 specifies that the         bi-directional optical flow inter prediction is enabled for the         CLVS. sps_bdof_enabled_flag equal to 0 specifies that the         bi-directional optical flow inter prediction is disabled for the         CLVS.     -   sps_bdof_control_present_in_ph_flag equal to 1 specifies that         ph_bdof_disabled_flag could be present in PH syntax structures         referring to the SPS. sps_bdof_control_present_in_ph_flag equal         to 0 specifies that ph_bdof_disabled_flag is not present in PH         syntax structures referring to the SPS. When not present, the         value of sps_bdof_control_present_in_ph_flag is inferred to be         equal to 0.     -   sps_smvd_enabled_flag equal to 1 specifies that symmetric motion         vector difference is enabled for the CLVS. sps_smvd_enabled_flag         equal to 0 specifies that symmetric motion vector difference is         disabled for the CLVS.     -   sps_dmvr_enabled_flag equal to 1 specifies that decoder motion         vector refinement based inter bi-prediction is enabled for the         CLVS. sps_dmvr_enabled_flag equal to 0 specifies that decoder         motion vector refinement based inter bi-prediction is disabled         for the CLVS.     -   sps_dmvr_control_present_in_ph_flag equal to 1 specifies that         ph_dmvr_disabled_flag could be present in PH syntax structures         referring to the SPS. sps_dmvr_control_present_in_ph_flag equal         to 0 specifies that ph_dmvr_disabled_flag is not present in PH         syntax structures referring to the SPS. When not present, the         value of sps_dmvr_control_present_in_ph_flag is inferred to be         equal to 0.     -   sps_mmvd_enabled_flag equal to 1 specifies that merge mode with         motion vector difference is enabled for the CLVS.         sps_mmvd_enabled_flag equal to 0 specifies that merge mode with         motion vector difference is disabled for the CLVS.     -   sps_mmvd_fullpel_only_enabled_flag equal to 1 specifies that the         merge mode with motion vector difference using only integer         sample precision is enabled for the CLVS.         sps_mmvd_fullpel_enabled_only_flag equal to 0 specifies that the         merge mode with motion vector difference using only integer         sample precision is disabled for the CLVS. When not present, the         value of sps_mmvd_fullpel_only_enabled_flag is inferred to be         equal to 0.     -   sps_six_minus_max_num_merge_cand specifies the maximum number of         merging motion vector prediction (MVP) candidates supported in         the SPS subtracted from 6. The value of         sps_six_minus_max_num_merge_cand shall be in the range of 0 to         5, inclusive.     -   The maximum number of merging MVP candidates, MaxNumMergeCand,         is derived as follows:         MaxNumMergeCand=6−sps_six_minus_max_num_merge_cand     -   sps_sbt_enabled_flag equal to 1 specifies that subblock         transform for inter-predicted CUs is enabled for the CLVS.         sps_sbt_enabled_flag equal to 0 specifies that subblock         transform for inter-predicted CUs is disabled for the CLVS.     -   sps_affine_enabled_flag equal to 1 specifies that the affine         model based motion compensation is enabled for the CLVS and         inter_affine_flag and cu_affine_type_flag could be present in         the coding unit syntax of the CLVS. sps_affine_enabled_flag         equal to 0 specifies that the affine model based motion         compensation is disabled for the CLVS and inter_affine_flag and         cu_affine_type_flag are not present in the coding unit syntax of         the CLVS.     -   sps_five_minus_max_num_subblock_merge_cand specifies the maximum         number of subblock-based merging motion vector prediction         candidates supported in the SPS subtracted from 5. The value of         sps_five_minus_max_num_subblock_merge_cand shall be in the range         of 0 to 5-sps_sbtmvp_enabled_flag, inclusive.     -   sps_6param_affine_enabled_flag equal to 1 specifies that the         6-parameter affine model based motion compensation is enabled         for the CLVS. sps_6param_affine_enabled_flag equal to 0         specifies that the 6-parameter affine model based motion         compensation is disabled for the CLVS. When not present, the         value of sps_6param_affine_enabled_flag is inferred to be equal         to 0.     -   sps_affine_amvr_enabled_flag equal to 1 specifies that adaptive         motion vector difference resolution is enabled for the CLVS.         sps_affine_amvr_enabled_flag equal to 0 specifies that adaptive         motion vector difference resolution is disabled for the CLVS.         When not present, the value of sps_affine_amvr_enabled_flag is         inferred to be equal to 0.     -   sps_affine_prof_enabled_flag equal to 1 specifies that the         affine motion compensation refined with optical flow is enabled         for the CLVS. sps_affine_prof_enabled_flag equal to 0 specifies         that the affine motion compensation refined with optical flow is         disabled for the CLVS. When not present, the value of         sps_affine_prof_enabled_flag is inferred to be equal to 0.     -   sps_prof_control_present_in_ph_flag equal to 1 specifies that         ph_prof_disabled_flag could be present in PH syntax structures         referring to the SPS. sps_prof_control_present_in_ph_flag equal         to 0 specifies that ph_prof_disabled_flag is not present in PH         syntax structures referring to the SPS.     -   When sps_prof_control_present_in_ph_flag is not present, the         value of sps_prof_control_present_in_ph_flag is inferred to be         equal to 0.     -   sps_bcw_enabled_flag equal to 1 specifies that bi-prediction         with CU weights is enabled for the CLVS and bcw_idx could be         present in the coding unit syntax of the CLVS.         sps_bcw_enabled_flag equal to 0 specifies that bi-prediction         with CU weights is disabled for the CLVS and bcw_idx is not         present in the coding unit syntax of the CLVS.     -   sps_ciip_enabled_flag equal to 1 specifies that ciip_flag could         be present in the coding unit syntax for inter coding units.         sps_ciip_enabled_flag equal to 0 specifies that ciip_flag is not         present in the coding unit syntax for inter coding units.     -   sps_gpm_enabled_flag equal to 1 specifies that the geometric         partition based motion compensation is enabled for the CLVS and         merge_gpm_partition_idx, merge_gpm_idx0, and merge_gpm_idx1         could be present in the coding unit syntax of the CLVS.         sps_gpm_enabled_flag equal to 0 specifies that the geometric         partition based motion compensation is disabled for the CLVS and         merge_gpm_partition_idx, merge_gpm_idx0, and merge_gpm_idx1 are         not present in the coding unit syntax of the CLVS. When not         present, the value of sps_gpm_enabled_flag is inferred to be         equal to 0.     -   sps_max_num_merge_cand_minus_max_num_gpm_cand specifies the         maximum number of geometric partitioning merge mode candidates         supported in the SPS subtracted from MaxNumMergeCand. The value         of sps_max_num_merge_cand_minus_max_num_gpm_cand shall be in the         range of 0 to MaxNumMergeCand−2, inclusive.     -   The maximum number of geometric partitioning merge mode         candidates, MaxNumGpmMergeCand, is derived as follows:

if( sps_gpm_enabled_flag && MaxNumMergeCand >= 3 )  MaxNumGpmMergeCand = MaxNumMergeCand −   sps_max_num_merge_cand_minus_max_num_gpm_cand else if( sps_gpm_enabled_flag && MaxNumMergeCand = = 2 )  MaxNumGpmMergeCand = 2 else  MaxNumGpmMergeCand = 0

-   -   sps_log2_parallel_merge_level_minus2 plus 2 specifies the value         of the variable Log 2ParMrgLevel, which is used in the         derivation process for spatial merging candidates as specified,         the derivation process for motion vectors and reference indices         in subblock merge mode as specified, and to control the         invocation of the updating process for the history-based motion         vector predictor list. The value of         sps_log2_parallel_merge_level_minus2 shall be in the range of 0         to CtbLog2SizeY−2, inclusive. The variable Log 2ParMrgLevel is         derived as follows:         Log 2ParMrgLevel=sps_log2_parallel_merge_level_minus2+2     -   sps_isp_enabled_flag equal to 1 specifies that intra prediction         with subpartitions is enabled for the CLVS. sps_isp_enabled_flag         equal to 0 specifies that intra prediction with subpartitions is         disabled for the CLVS.     -   sps_mrl_enabled_flag equal to 1 specifies that intra prediction         with multiple reference lines is enabled for the CLVS.         sps_mrl_enabled_flag equal to 0 specifies that intra prediction         with multiple reference lines is disabled for the CLVS.     -   sps_mip_enabled_flag equal to 1 specifies that the matrix-based         intra prediction is enabled for the CLVS. sps_mip_enabled_flag         equal to 0 specifies that the matrix-based intra prediction is         disabled for the CLVS.     -   sps_cclm_enabled_flag equal to 1 specifies that the         cross-component linear model intra prediction from luma         component to chroma component is enabled for the CLVS.         sps_cclm_enabled_flag equal to 0 specifies that the         cross-component linear model intra prediction from luma         component to chroma component is disabled for the CLVS. When         sps_cclm_enabled_flag is not present, it is inferred to be equal         to 0.     -   sps_chroma_horizontal_collocated_flag equal to 1 specifies that         prediction processes operate in a manner designed for chroma         sample positions that are not horizontally shifted relative to         corresponding luma sample positions.         sps_chroma_horizontal_collocated_flag equal to 0 specifies that         prediction processes operate in a manner designed for chroma         sample positions that are shifted to the right by 0.5 in units         of luma samples relative to corresponding luma sample positions.         When sps_chroma_horizontal_collocated_flag is not present, it is         inferred to be equal to 1.     -   sps_chroma_vertical_collocated_flag equal to 1 specifies that         prediction processes operate in a manner designed for chroma         sample positions that are not vertically shifted relative to         corresponding luma sample positions.         sps_chroma_vertical_collocated_flag equal to 0 specifies that         prediction processes operate in a manner designed for chroma         sample positions that are shifted downward by 0.5 in units of         luma samples relative to corresponding luma sample positions.         When sps_chroma_vertical_collocated_flag is not present, it is         inferred to be equal to 1.     -   sps_palette_enabled_flag equal to 1 specifies that the palette         prediction mode is enabled for the CLVS.         sps_palette_enabled_flag equal to 0 specifies that the palette         prediction mode is disabled for the CLVS. When         sps_palette_enabled_flag is not present, it is inferred to be         equal to 0.     -   sps_act_enabled_flag equal to 1 specifies that the adaptive         colour transform is enabled for the CLVS and the         cu_act_enabled_flag could be present in the coding unit syntax         of the CLVS. sps_act_enabled_flag equal to 0 specifies that the         adaptive colour transform is disabled for the CLVS and         cu_act_enabled_flag is not present in the coding unit syntax of         the CLVS. When sps_act_enabled_flag is not present, it is         inferred to be equal to 0.     -   sps_min_qp_prime_ts specifies the minimum allowed quantization         parameter for transform skip mode as follows:         QpPrimeTsMin=4+6*sps_min_qp_prime_ts     -   The value of sps_min_qpprime_ts shall be in the range of 0 to 8,         inclusive.     -   sps_ibc_enabled_flag equal to 1 specifies that the IBC         prediction mode is enabled for the CLVS. sps_ibc_enabled_flag         equal to 0 specifies that the IBC prediction mode is disabled         for the CLVS. When sps_ibc_enabled_flag is not present, it is         inferred to be equal to 0.     -   sps_six_minus_max_num_ibc_merge_cand, when sps_ibc_enabled_flag         is equal to 1, specifies the maximum number of IBC merging block         vector prediction (BVP) candidates supported in the SPS         subtracted from 6. The value of         sps_six_minus_max_num_ibc_merge_cand shall be in the range of 0         to 5, inclusive.     -   The maximum number of IBC merging BVP candidates,         MaxNumIbcMergeCand, is derived as follows:

if( sps_ibc_enabled_flag )  MaxNumIbcMergeCand = 6 −  sps_six_minus_max_num_ibc_merge_cand else  MaxNumIbcMergeCand = 0

-   -   sps_ladf_enabled_flag equal to 1 specifies that         sps_num_ladf_intervals_minus2,         sps_ladf_lowest_interval_qp_offset, sps_ladf_qp_offset[i], and         sps_ladf_delta_threshold_minus1[i] are present in the SPS.         sps_ladf_enabled_flag equal to 0 specifies that         sps_num_ladf_intervals_minus2,         sps_ladf_lowest_interval_qp_offset, sps_ladf_qp_offset[i], and         sps_ladf_delta_threshold_minus1[i] are not present in the SPS.     -   sps_num_ladf_intervals_minus2 plus 2 specifies the number of         sps_ladf_delta_threshold_minus1[i] and sps_ladf_qp_offset[i]         syntax elements that are present in the SPS. The value of         sps_num_ladf_intervals_minus2 shall be in the range of 0 to 3,         inclusive.     -   sps_ladf_lowest_interval_qp_offset specifies the offset used to         derive the variable qP as specified The value of         sps_ladf_lowest_interval_qp_offset shall be in the range of −63         to 63, inclusive.     -   sps_ladf_qp_offset[i] specifies the offset array used to derive         the variable qP as specified. The value of sps_ladf_qp_offset[i]         shall be in the range of −63 to 63, inclusive.     -   sps_ladf_delta_threshold_minus1[i] is used to compute the values         of SpsLadfIntervalLowerBound[i], which specifies the lower bound         of the i-th luma intensity level interval. The value of         sps_ladf_delta_threshold_minus1[i] shall be in the range of 0 to         2^(BitDepth)−3 inclusive.     -   The value of SpsLadfIntervalLowerBound[0] is set equal to 0.     -   For each value of i in the range of 0 to         sps_num_ladf_intervals_minus2, inclusive, the variable         SpsLadfIntervalLowerBound[i+1] is derived as follows:

SpsLadfIntervalLowerBound[ i + 1 ] = SpsLadfIntervalLowerBound[ i ]  + sps_ladf_delta_threshold_minus1[ i ] + 1

-   -   sps_explicit_scaling_list_enabled_flag equal to 1 specifies that         the use of an explicit scaling list, which is signalled in a         scaling list APS, in the scaling process for transform         coefficients when decoding a slice is enabled for the CLVS.         sps_explicit_scaling_list_enabled_flag equal to 0 specifies that         the use of an explicit scaling list in the scaling process for         transform coefficients when decoding a slice is disabled for the         CLVS.     -   sps_scaling_matrix_for_lfnst_disabled_flag equal to 1 specifies         that scaling matrices are disabled for blocks coded with LFNST         for the CLVS. sps_scaling_matrix_for_lfnst_disabled_flag equal         to 0 specifies that the scaling matrices is enabled for blocks         coded with LFNST for the CLVS.     -   sps_scaling_matrix_for_alternative_colour_space_disabled_flag         equal to 1 specifies, for the CLVS, that scaling matrices are         disabled and not applied to blocks of a coding unit when the         decoded residuals of the current coding unit are applied using a         colour space conversion.         sps_scaling_matrix_for_alternative_colour_space_disabled_flag         equal to 0 specifies, for the CLVS, that scaling matrices are         enabled and could be applied to blocks of a coding unit when the         decoded residuals of the current coding unit are applied using a         colour space conversion. When not present, the value of         sps_scaling_matrix_for_alternative_colour_space_disabled_flag is         inferred to be equal to 0.     -   sps_scaling_matrix_designated_colour_space_flag equal to 1         specifies that the colour space of the scaling matrices is the         colour space that does not use a colour space conversion for the         decoded residuals.         sps_scaling_matrix_designated_colour_space_flag equal to 0         specifies that the designated colour space of the scaling         matrices is the colour space that uses a colour space conversion         for the decoded residuals.     -   sps_dep_quant_enabled_flag equal to 1 specifies that dependent         quantization is enabled for the CLVS. sps_dep_quant_enabled_flag         equal to 0 specifies that dependent quantization is disabled for         the CLVS.     -   sps_sign_data_hiding_enabled_flag equal to 1 specifies that sign         bit hiding is enabled for the CLVS.         sps_sign_data_hiding_enabled_flag equal to 0 specifies that sign         bit hiding is disabled for the CLVS.     -   sps_virtual_boundaries_enabled_flag equal to 1 specifies that         disabling in-loop filtering across virtual boundaries is enabled         for the CLVS. sps_virtual_boundaries_enabled_flag equal to 0         specifies that disabling in-loop filtering across virtual         boundaries is disabled for the CLVS. In-loop filtering         operations include the deblocking filter, sample adaptive offset         filter, and adaptive loop filter operations.     -   sps_virtual_boundaries_present_flag equal to 1 specifies that         information of virtual boundaries is signalled in the SPS.         sps_virtual_boundaries_present_flag equal to 0 specifies that         information of virtual boundaries is not signalled in the SPS.         When there is one or more than one virtual boundaries signalled         in the SPS, the in-loop filtering operations are disabled across         the virtual boundaries in pictures referring to the SPS. In-loop         filtering operations include the deblocking filter, sample         adaptive offset filter, and adaptive loop filter operations.         When not present, the value of         sps_virtual_boundaries_present_flag is inferred to be equal to         0.     -   When sps_res_change_in_clvs_allowed_flag is equal to 1, the         value of sps_virtual_boundaries_present_flag shall be equal to         0.     -   When sps_subpic_info_present_flag and         sps_virtual_boundaries_enabled_flag are both equal to 1, the         value of sps_virtual_boundaries_present_flag shall be equal to         1.     -   sps_num_ver_virtual_boundaries specifies the number of         sps_virtual_boundary_pos_x_minus1[i] syntax elements that are         present in the SPS. The value of sps_num_ver_virtual_boundaries         shall be in the range of 0 to         (sps_pic_width_max_in_luma_samples<=8?0:3), inclusive. When         sps_num_ver_virtual_boundaries is not present, it is inferred to         be equal to 0.     -   sps_virtual_boundary_pos_x_minus1[i] plus 1 specifies the         location of the i-th vertical virtual boundary in units of luma         samples divided by 8. The value of         sps_virtual_boundary_pos_x_minus1[i] shall be in the range of 0         to Ceil(sps_pic_width_max_in_luma_samples÷8)−2, inclusive.     -   sps_num_hor_virtual_boundaries specifies the number of         sps_virtual_boundary_pos_y_minus1[i] syntax elements that are         present in the SPS. The value of sps_num_hor_virtual_boundaries         shall be in the range of 0 to         (sps_pic_height_max_in_luma_samples<=8?0:3), inclusive. When         sps_num_hor_virtual_boundaries is not present, it is inferred to         be equal to 0.     -   When sps_virtual_boundaries_enabled_flag is equal to 1 and         sps_virtual_boundaries_present_flag is equal to 1, the sum of         sps_num_ver_virtual_boundaries and         sps_num_hor_virtual_boundaries shall be greater than 0.     -   sps_virtual_boundary_pos_y_minus1[i] plus 1 specifies the         location of the i-th horizontal virtual boundary in units of         luma samples divided by 8. The value of         sps_virtual_boundary_pos_y_minus1[i] shall be in the range of 0         to Ceil(sps_pic_height_max_in_luma_samples÷8)−2, inclusive.     -   sps_timing_hrd_params_present_flag equal to 1 specifies that the         SPS contains a general_timing_hrd_parameters( ) syntax structure         and an ols_timing_hrd_parameters( ) syntax structure.         sps_timing_hrd_params_present_flag equal to 0 specifies that the         SPS does not contain a general_timing_hrd_parameters( ) syntax         structure or an ols_timing_hrd_parameters( ) syntax structure.     -   sps_sublayer_cpb_params_present_flag equal to 1 specifies that         the ols_timing_hrdparameters( ) syntax structure in the SPS         includes HRD parameters for sublayer representations with         TemporalId in the range of 0 to sps_max_sublayers_minus1,         inclusive. sps_sublayer_cpb_params_present_flag equal to 0         specifies that the ols_timing_hrd_parameters( ) syntax structure         in the SPS includes HRD parameters for the sublayer         representation with TemporalId equal to sps_max_sublayers_minus1         only. When sps_max_sublayers_minus1 is equal to 0, the value of         sps_sublayer_cpb_params_present_flag is inferred to be equal to         0.     -   When sps_sublayer_cpb_params_present_flag is equal to 0, the HRD         parameters for the sublayer representations with TemporalId in         the range of 0 to sps_max_sublayers_minus1−1, inclusive, are         inferred to be the same as that for the sublayer representation         with TemporalId equal to sps_max_sublayers_minus1. These include         the HRD parameters starting from the         fixed_pic_rate_general_flag[i] syntax element till the         sublayer_hrd_parameters(i) syntax structure immediately under         the condition “if(general_vcl_hrd_params_present_flag)” in the         ols_timing_hrdparameters syntax structure.     -   sps_field_seq_flag equal to 1 indicates that the CLVS conveys         pictures that represent fields. sps_field_seq_flag equal to 0         indicates that the CLVS conveys pictures that represent frames.     -   When sps_field_seq_flag is equal to 1, a frame-field information         SEI message shall be present for every coded picture in the         CLVS.         -   NOTE—The specified decoding process does not treat pictures             that represent fields or frames differently. A sequence of             pictures that represent fields would therefore be coded with             the picture dimensions of an individual field. For example,             pictures that represent 1080i fields would commonly have             cropped output dimensions of 1920×540, while the sequence             picture rate would commonly express the rate of the source             fields (typically between 50 and 60 Hz), instead of the             source frame rate (typically between 25 and 30 Hz).     -   sps_vui_parameters_present_flag equal to 1 specifies that the         syntax structure vui_payload( ) is present in the SPS RBSP         syntax structure. sps_vui_parameters_present_flag equal to 0         specifies that the syntax structure vui_payload( ) is not         present in the SPS RBSP syntax structure.     -   When sps_vui_parameters_present_flag is equal to 0, the         information conveyed in the vui_payload( ) syntax structure is         considered unspecified or determined by the application by         external means.     -   sps_vui_payload_size_minus1 plus 1 specifies the number of RBSP         bytes in the vui_payload( ) syntax structure. The value of         sps_vui_payload_size_minus1 shall be in the range of 0 to 1023,         inclusive.         -   NOTE—The SPS NAL unit byte sequence containing the             vui_payload( ) syntax structure might include one or more             emulation prevention bytes (represented by             emulation_prevention_three_byte syntax elements). Since the             payload size of the vui_payload( ) syntax structure is             specified in RBSP bytes, the quantity of emulation             prevention bytes is not included in the size payloadSize of             the vui_payload( ) syntax structure.     -   sps_vui_alignment_zero_bit shall be equal to 0.     -   sps_extension_flag equal to 0 specifies that no         sps_extension_data_flag syntax elements are present in the SPS         RBSP syntax structure. sps_extension_flag equal to 1 specifies         that sps_extension_data_flag syntax elements might be present in         the SPS RBSP syntax structure. sps_extension_flag shall be equal         to 0 in bitstreams conforming to this version of this         Specification. However, some use of sps_extension_flag equal to         1 could be specified in some future version of this         Specification, and decoders conforming to this version of this         Specification shall allow the value of sps_extension_flag equal         to 1 to appear in the syntax.     -   sps_extension_data_flag could have any value. Its presence and         value do not affect the decoding process specified in this         version of this Specification. Decoders conforming to this         version of this Specification shall ignore all         sps_extension_data_flag syntax elements.

As provided above, each of a DCI, VPS and SPS may contain a Profile, tier, and level (PTL) syntax structure. Table 6 illustrates the Profile, tier, and level (PTL) syntax structure provided in JVET-T2001.

TABLE 6 Descriptor profile_tier_level( profileTierPresentFlag, MaxNumSubLayersMinus1 ) {  if( profileTierPresentFlag ) {   general_profile_idc u(7)   general_tier_flag u(1)  }  general_level_idc u(8)  ptl_frame_only_constraint_flag u(1)  ptl_multilayer_enabled_flag u(1)  if( profileTierPresentFlag )   general_constraints_info( )  for( i = MaxNumSubLayersMinus1 − 1; i >= 0; i− − )   ptl_sublayer_level_present_flag[ i ] u(1)  while( !byte_aligned( ) )   ptl_reserved_zero_bit u(1)  for( i = MaxNumSubLayersMinus1 − 1; i >= 0; i− − )   if( ptl_sublayer_level_present_flag[ i ] )    sublayer_level_idc[ i ] u(8)  if( profileTierPresentFlag ) {   ptl_num_sub_profiles u(8)   for( i = 0; i < ptl_num_sub_profiles; i++ )    general_sub_profile_idc[ i ] u(32)  } }

With respect to Table 6, JVET-T2001 provides the following semantics:

-   -   A profile_tier_level( ) syntax structure provides level         information and, optionally, profile, tier, sub-profile, and         general constraints information to which the OlsInScope         conforms.     -   When the profile_tier_level( ) syntax structure is included in a         VPS, the OlsInScope is one or more OLSs specified by the VPS.         When the profile_tier_level( ) syntax structure is included in         an SPS, the OlsInScope is the OLS that includes only the layer         that is the lowest layer among the layers that refer to the SPS,         and this lowest layer is an independent layer.     -   general_profile_idc indicates a profile to which OlsInScope         conforms as specified. Bitstreams shall not contain values of         general_profile_idc other than those specified. Other values of         general_profile_idc are reserved for future use by         ITU-T|ISO/IEC. Decoders shall ignore OLSs associated with a         reserved value of general_profile_idc.     -   general_tier_flag specifies the tier context for the         interpretation of general_level_idc as specified.     -   general_level_idc indicates a level to which OlsInScope conforms         as specified. Bitstreams shall not contain values of         general_level_idc other than those specified. Other values of         general_level_idc are reserved for future use by ITU-T|ISO/IEC.         -   NOTE—A greater value of general_level_idc indicates a higher             level. The maximum level signalled in the DCI NAL unit for             OlsInScope could be higher but not be lower than the level             signalled in the SPS for a CLVS contained within OlsinScope.         -   NOTE—When OlsInScope conforms to multiple profiles,             general_profile_idc is expected to indicate the profile that             provides the preferred decoded result or the preferred             bitstream identification, as determined by the encoder (in a             manner not specified in this Specification).         -   NOTE—When the CVSs of OlsInScope conform to different             profiles, multiple profile_tier_level( ) syntax structures             could be included in the DCI NAL unit such that for each CVS             of the OlsInScope there is at least one set of indicated             profile, tier, and level for a decoder that is capable of             decoding the CVS.         -   ptl_frame_only_constraint_flag equal to 1 specifies that             sps_field_seq_flag for all pictures in OlsInScope shall be             equal to 0. ptl_frame_only_constraint_flag equal to 0 does             not impose such a constraint.         -   NOTE—Decoders could ignore the value of             ptl_frame_only_constraint_flag, as there are no decoding             process requirements associated with it.     -   ptl_multilayer_enabled_flag equal to 1 specifies that the CVSs         of OlsInScope might contain more than one layer.         ptl_multilayer_enabled_flag equal to 0 specifies that all slices         in OlsInScope shall have the same value of nuh_layer_id, i.e.,         there is only one layer in the CVSs of OlsInScope.     -   ptl_sublayer_level_present_flag[i] equal to 1 specifies that         level information is present in the profile_tier_level( ) syntax         structure for the sublayer representation with TemporalId equal         to i. ptl_sublayer_level_present_flag[i] equal to 0 specifies         that level information is not present in the profile_tier_level(         ) syntax structure for the sublayer representation with         TemporalId equal to i.     -   ptl_reserved_zero_bit shall be equal to 0. The value 1 for         ptl_reserved_zero_bit is reserved for future use by ITU T|         ISO/IEC. Decoders conforming to this version of this         Specification shall ignore the value of ptl_reserved_zero_bit.     -   The semantics of the syntax element sublayer_level_idc[i] is,         apart from the specification of the inference of not present         values, the same as the syntax element general_level_idc, but         apply to the sublayer representation with TemporalId equal to i.     -   When not present, the value of sublayer_level_idc[i] is inferred         as follows:         -   The value of sublayer_level_idc[MaxNumSubLayersMinus1] is             inferred to be equal to general_level_idc of the same             profile_tier_level( ) structure,         -   For i from MaxNumSubLayersMinus1−1 to 0 (in decreasing order             of values of i), inclusive, sublayer_level_idc[i] is             inferred to be equal to sublayer_level_idc[i+1].     -   ptl_num_sub_profiles specifies the number of the         general_sub_profile_idc[i] syntax elements.     -   general_sub_profile_idc[i] specifies the i-th interoperability         indicator registered as specified by Rec. ITU-T T.35, the         contents of which are not specified in this Specification

As provided above, a Profile, tier, and level (PTL) syntax structure may include a general constraints information syntax structure (general_constraints_info( )). Table 7 illustrates the general_constraints_info( ) syntax structure provided in JVET-T2001.

TABLE 7 Descriptor general_constraints_info( ) {  gci_present_flag u(1)  if( gci_present_flag ) {  /* general */   gci_intra_only_constraint_flag u(1)   gci_all_layers_independent_constraint_flag u(1)   gci_one_au_only_constraint_flag u(1)  /* picture format */   gci_sixteen_minus_max_bitdepth_constraint_idc u(4)   gci_three_minus_max_chroma_format_constraint_idc u(2)  /* NAL unit type related */   gci_no_mixed_nalu_types_in_pic_constraint_flag u(1)   gci_no_trail_constraint_flag u(1)   gci_no_stsa_constraint_flag u(1)   gci_no_rasl_constraint_flag u(1)   gci_no_radl_constraint_flag u(1)   gci_no_idr_constraint_flag u(1)   gci_no_cra_constraint_flag u(1)   gci_no_gdr_constraint_flag u(1)   gci_no_aps_constraint_flag u(1)   gci_no_idr_rpl_constraint_flag u(1)  /* tile, slice, subpicture partitioning */   gci_one_tile_per_pic_constraint_flag u(1)   gci_pic_header_in_slice_header_constraint_flag u(1)   gci_one_slice_per_pic_constraint_flag u(1)   gci_no_rectangular_slice_constraint_flag u(1)   gci_one_slice_per_subpic_constraint_flag u(1)   gci_no_subpic_info_constraint_flag u(1)  /* CTU and block partitioning */   gci_three_minus_max_log2_ctu_size_constraint_idc u(2)   gci_no_partition_constraints_override_constraint_flag u(1)   gci_no_mtt_constraint_flag u(1)   gci_no_qtbtt_dual_tree_intra_constraint_flag u(1)  /* intra */   gci_no_palette_constraint_flag u(1)   gci_no_ibc_constraint_flag u(1)   gci_no_isp_constraint_flag u(1)   gci_no_mrl_constraint_flag u(1)   gci_no_mip_constraint_flag u(1)   gci_no_cclm_constraint_flag u(1)  /* inter */   gci_no_ref_pic_resampling_constraint_flag u(1)   gci_no_res_change_in_clvs_constraint_flag u(1)   gci_no_weighted_prediction_constraint_flag u(1)   gci_no_ref_wraparound_constraint_flag u(1)   gci_no_temporal_mvp_constraint_flag u(1)   gci_no_sbtmvp_constraint_flag u(1)   gci_no_amvr_constraint_flag u(1)   gci_no_bdof_constraint_flag u(1)   gci_no_smvd_constraint_flag u(1)   gci_no_dmvr_constraint_flag u(1)   gci_no_mmvd_constraint_flag u(1)   gci_no_affine_motion_constraint_flag u(1)   gci_no_prof_constraint_flag u(1)   gci_no_bcw_constraint_flag u(1)   gci_no_ciip_constraint_flag u(1)   gci_no_gpm_constraint_flag u(1)  /* transform, quantization, residual */   gci_no_luma_transform_size_64_constraint_flag u(1)   gci_no_transform_skip_constraint_flag u(1)   gci_no_bdpcm_constraint_flag u(1)   gci_no_mts_constraint_flag u(1)   gci_no_lfnst_constraint_flag u(1)   gci_no_joint_cbcr_constraint_flag u(1)   gci_no_sbt_constraint_flag u(1)   gci_no_act_constraint_flag u(1)   gci_no_explicit_scaling_list_constraint_flag u(1)   gci_no_dep_quant_constraint_flag u(1)   gci_no_sign_data_hiding_constraint_flag u(1)   gci_no_cu_qp_delta_constraint_flag u(1)   gci_no_chroma_qp_offset_constraint_flag u(1)  /* loop filter */   gci_no_sao_constraint_flag u(1)   gci_no_alf_constraint_flag u(1)   gci_no_ccalf_constraint_flag u(1)   gci_no_lmcs_constraint_flag u(1)   gci_no_ladf_constraint_flag u(1)   gci_no_virtual_boundaries_constraint_flag u(1)   gci_num_reserved_bits u(8)   for( i = 0; i < gci_num_reserved_bits; i++ )    gci_reserved_zero_bit[ i ] u(1)  }  while( !byte_aligned( ) )   gci_alignment_zero_bit f(1) }

With respect to Table 7, JVET-T2001 provides the following semantics:

-   -   gci_present_flag equal to 1 specifies that GCI syntax elements         are present in the general_constraints_info( ) syntax structure.         gci_present_flag equal to 0 specifies that GCI fields are not         present in the general_constraints_info( ) syntax structure.     -   The semantics of the GCI syntax elements specified in this         clause apply when gci_present_flag is equal to 1. When         gci_present_flag is equal to 0, the general_constraint_info( )         syntax structure does not impose any constraint.     -   gci_intra_only_constraint_flag equal to 1 specifies that         sh_slice_type for all slices in OlsInScope shall be equal to 2.         gci_intra_only_constraint_flag equal to 0 does not impose such a         constraint.     -   gci_all_layers_independent_constraint_flag equal to 1 specifies         that vps_all_independent_layers_flag for all pictures in         OlsInScope shall be equal to 1.         gci_all_layers_independent_constraint_flag equal to 0 does not         impose such a constraint.     -   gci_one_au_only_constraint_flag equal to 1 specifies that there         is only one AU in OlsInScope. gci_one_au_only_constraint_flag         equal to 0 does not impose such a constraint.     -   gci_sixteen_minus_max_bitdepth_constraint_idc greater than 0         specifies that sps_bitdepth_minus8 plus 8 for all pictures in         OlsInScope shall be in the range of 0 to         16-gci_sixteen_minus_max_bitdepth_constraint_idc, inclusive.         gci_sixteen_minus_max_bitdepth_constraint_idc equal to 0 does         not impose a constraint. The value of         gci_sixteen_minus_max_bitdepth_constraint_idc shall be in the         range of 0 to 8, inclusive.     -   gci_three_minus_max_chroma_format_constraint_idc greater than 0         specifies that sps_chroma_format_idc for all pictures in         OlsInScope shall be in the range of 0 to         3−gci_three_minus_max_chroma_format_constraint_idc, inclusive.         gci_three_minus_max_chroma_format_constraint_idc equal to 0 does         not impose a constraint.     -   gci_no_mixed_nalu_types_in_pic_constraint_flag equal to 1         specifies that pps_mixed_nalu_types_in_pic_flag for all pictures         in OlsInScope shall be equal to 0.         gei_no_mixed_nalu_types_in_pic_constraint_flag equal to 0 does         not impose such a constraint.     -   gei_no_trail_constraint_flag equal to 1 specifies that there         shall be no NAL unit with nuh_unit_type equal to TRAIL_NUT         present in OlsInScope. gci_no_trail_constraint_flag equal to 0         does not impose such a constraint.     -   gci_no_stsa_constraint_flag equal to 1 specifies that there         shall be no NAL unit with nuh_unit_type equal to STSA_NUT         present in OlsInScope. gci_no_stsa_constraint_flag equal to 0         does not impose such a constraint.     -   gci_no_rasl_constraint_flag equal to 1 specifies that there         shall be no NAL unit with nuh_unit_type equal to RASL NUT         present in OlsInScope. gci_no_rasl_constraint_flag equal to 0         does not impose such a constraint.     -   gci_no_radl_constraint_flag equal to 1 specifies that there         shall be no NAL unit with nuh_unit_type equal to RADL NUT         present in OlsInScope. gci_no_radl_constraint_flag equal to 0         does not impose such a constraint.     -   gci_no_idr_constraint_flag equal to 1 specifies that there shall         be no NAL unit with nuh_unit_type equal to IDR_W_RADL or         IDR_N_LP present in OlsInScope. gci_no_idr_constraint_flag equal         to 0 does not impose such a constraint.     -   gci_no_cra_constraint_flag equal to 1 specifies that there shall         be no NAL unit with nuh_unit_type equal to CRA_NUT present in         OlsInScope. gci_no_cra_constraint_flag equal to 0 does not         impose such a constraint.     -   gci_no_gdr_constraint_flag equal to 1 specifies that         sps_gdr_enabled_flag for all pictures in OlsInScope shall be         equal to 0. gci_no_gdr_constraint_flag equal to 0 does not         impose such a constraint.     -   gci_no_aps_constraint_flag equal to 1 specifies that there shall         be no NAL unit with nuh_unit_type equal to PREFIX_APS_NUT or         SUFFIX_APS_NUT present in OlsInScope, sps_ccalf_enabled_flag,         sps_1mcs_enabled_flag, sps_explicit_scaling_list_enabled_flag,         ph_num_alf_aps_ids_luma, ph_alf_cb_enabled_flag, and         ph_alf_cr_enabled_flag for all pictures in OlsInScope shall all         be equal to 0, and sh_num_alf_aps_ids_luma,         sh_alf_cb_enabled_flag, sh_alf_cr_enabled_flag for all slices in         OlsInScope shall be equal to 0. gci_no_aps_constraint_flag equal         to 0 does not impose such a constraint.         -   NOTE—When no APS is referenced, it is still possible to set             sps_alf_enabled_flag equal to 1 and use ALF. Therefore, when             gci_no_aps_constraint_flag is equal to 1,             sps_alf_enabled_flag is not required to be equal to 0.     -   gci_no_idr_rpl_constraint_flag equal to 1 specifies that         sps_idr_rpl_present_flag for all pictures in OlsInScope shall be         equal to 0. gci_no_idr_rpl_constraint_flag equal to 0 does not         impose such a constraint.     -   gci_one_tile_per_pic_constraint_flag equal to 1 specifies that         each picture in OlsInScope shall contain only one tile, i.e.,         the value of NumTilesInPic for each picture shall be equal to 1.         gci_onetile_per_pic_constraint_flag equal to 0 does not impose         such a constraint.     -   gci_pic_header_in_slice_header_constraint_flag equal to 1         specifies that each picture in OlsInScope shall contain only one         slice and the value of sh_picture_header_in_slice_header_flag in         each slice in OlsInScope shall be equal to 1.         gci_pic_header_in_slice_header_constraint_flag equal to 0 does         not impose such a constraint.     -   gci_one_slice_per_pic_constraint_flag equal to 1 specifies that         each picture in OlsInScope shall contain only one slice, i.e.,         if pps_rect_slice_flag is equal to 1, the value of         num_slices_in_pic_minus1 for each picture in OlsInScope shall be         equal to 0, otherwise, the value of num_tiles_in_slice_minus1         present in each slice header in OlsInScope shall be equal to         NumTilesInPic−1. gci_one_slice_per_pic_constraint_flag equal to         0 does not impose such a constraint.     -   gci_no_rectangular_slice_constraint_flag equal to 1 specifies         that pps_rect_slice_flag for all pictures in OlsInScope shall be         equal to 0. gci_no_rectangular_slice_constraint_flag equal to 0         does not impose such a constraint.     -   gci_one_slice_per_subpic_constraint_flag equal to 1 specifies         that the value of pps_single_slice_per_subpic_flag for all         pictures in OlsInScope shall be equal to 1,         gci_one_slice_per_subpic_constraint_flag equal to 0 does not         impose such a constraint.     -   gci_no_subpic_info_constraint_flag equal to 1 specifies that         sps_subpic_info_present_flag for all pictures in OlsInScope         shall be equal to 0. gci_no_subpic_info_constraint_flag equal to         0 does not impose such a constraint.     -   gci_three_minus_max_log2_ctu_size_constraint_idc greater than 0         specifies that sps_log2_ctu_size_minus5 for all pictures in         OlsInScope shall be in the range of 0 to         3−gci_three_minus_max_log2_ctu_size_constraint_idc, inclusive.         gci_three_minus_max_log2_ctu_size_constraint_idc equal to 0 does         not impose such a constraint.     -   gci_no_partition_constraints_override_constraint_flag equal to 1         specifies that sps_partition_constraints_override_enabled_flag         for all pictures in OlsInScope shall be equal to 0.         gci_no_partition_constraints_override_constraint_flag equal to 0         does not impose such a constraint.     -   gci_no_mtt_constraint_flag equal to 1 specifies that         sps_max_mtt_hierarchy_depth_intra_slice_luma,         sps_max_mtt_hierarchy_depth_inter_slice, and         sps_max_mtt_hierarchy_depth_intra_slice_chroma for all pictures         in OlsInScope shall be equal to 0. gci_no_mtt_constraint_flag         equal to 0 does not impose such a constraint.     -   gci_no_qtbtt_dual_tree_intra_constraint_flag equal to 1         specifies that sps_qtbtt_dual_tree_intra_flag for all pictures         in OlsInScope shall be equal to 0.         gei_no_qtbtt_dual_tree_intra_constraint_flag equal to 0 does not         impose such a constraint.     -   gci_no_palette_constraint_flag equal to 1 specifies that         sps_palette_enabled_flag for all pictures in OlsInScope shall be         equal to 0. gci_no_palette_constraint_flag equal to 0 does not         impose such a constraint.     -   gci_no_ibc_constraint_flag equal to 1 specifies that         sps_ibc_enabled_flag for all pictures in OlsInScope shall be         equal to 0. gci_no_ibc_constraint_flag equal to 0 does not         impose such a constraint.     -   gci_no_isp_constraint_flag equal to 1 specifies that         sps_isp_enabled_flag for all pictures in OlsInScope shall be         equal to 0. gci_no_isp_constraint_flag equal to 0 does not         impose such a constraint.     -   gci_no_mrl_constraint_flag equal to 1 specifies that         sps_mrl_enabled_flag for all pictures in OlsInScope shall be         equal to 0. gci_no_mrl_constraint_flag equal to 0 does not         impose such a constraint.     -   gci_no_mip_constraint_flag equal to 1 specifies that         sps_mip_enabled_flag for all pictures in OlsinScope shall be         equal to 0. gci_no_mip_constraint_flag equal to 0 does not         impose such a constraint.     -   gci_no_cclm_constraint_flag equal to 1 specifies that         sps_cclm_enabled_flag for all pictures in OlsInScope shall be         equal to 0. gci_no_cclm_constraint_flag equal to 0 does not         impose such a constraint.     -   gci_no_ref_pic_resampling_constraint_flag equal to 1 specifies         that sps_ref_pic_resampling_enabled_flag for all pictures in         OlsInScope shall be equal to 0.         gci_no_ref_pic_resampling_constraint_flag equal to 0 does not         impose such a constraint.     -   gci_no_res_change_in_clvs_constraint_flag equal to 1 specifies         that sps_res_change_in_clvs_allowed_flag for all pictures in         OlsinScope shall be equal to 0.         gci_no_res_change_in_clvs_constraint_flag equal to 0 does not         impose such a constraint.     -   gci_no_weighted_prediction_constraint_flag equal to 1 specifies         that sps_weighted_pred_flag and sps_weighted_bipred_flag for all         pictures in OlsInScope shall both be equal to 0.         gci_no_weighted_prediction_constraint_flag equal to 0 does not         impose such a constraint.     -   gci_no_ref_wraparound_constraint_flag equal to 1 specifies that         sps_ref_wraparound_enabled_flag for all pictures in OlsInScope         shall be equal to 0. gci_no_ref_wraparound_constraint_flag equal         to 0 does not impose such a constraint.     -   gci_no_temporal_mvp_constraint_flag equal to 1 specifies that         sps_temporal_mvp_enabled_flag for all pictures in OlsInScope         shall be equal to 0. gci_no_temporal_mvp_constraint_flag equal         to 0 does not impose such a constraint.     -   gci_no_sbtmvp_constraint_flag equal to 1 specifies that         sps_sbtmvp_enabled_flag for all pictures in OlsInScope shall be         equal to 0. gci_no_sbtmvp_constraint_flag equal to 0 does not         impose such a constraint.     -   gci_no_amvr_constraint_flag equal to 1 specifies that         sps_amvr_enabled_flag for all pictures in OlsInScope shall be         equal to 0. gci_no_amvr_constraint_flag equal to 0 does not         impose such a constraint.     -   gci_no_bdof_constraint_flag equal to 1 specifies that         sps_bdof_enabled_flag for all pictures in OlsInScope shall be         equal to 0. gci_no_bdof_constraint_flag equal to 0 does not         impose such a constraint.     -   gci_no_smvd_constraint_flag equal to 1 specifies that         sps_smvd_enabled_flag for all pictures in OlsInScope shall be         equal to 0. gci_no_smvd_constraint_flag equal to 0 does not         impose such a constraint.     -   gci_no_dmvr_constraint_flag equal to 1 specifies that         sps_dmvr_enabled_flag for all pictures in OlsInScope shall be         equal to 0. gci_no_dmvr_constraint_flag equal to 0 does not         impose such a constraint.     -   gci_no_mmvd_constraint_flag equal to 1 specifies that         sps_mmvd_enabled_flag for all pictures in OlsInScope shall be         equal to 0. gci_no_mmvd_constraint_flag equal to 0 does not         impose such a constraint.     -   gci_no_affine_motion_constraint_flag equal to 1 specifies that         sps_affine_enabled_flag for all pictures in OlsInScope shall be         equal to 0. gci_no_affine_motion_constraint_flag equal to 0 does         not impose such a constraint.     -   gci_no_prof_constraint_flag equal to 1 specifies that         sps_affine_prof_enabled_flag for all pictures in OlsInScope         shall be equal to 0. gci_no_prof_constraint_flag equal to 0 does         not impose such a constraint.     -   gci_no_bcw_constraint_flag equal to 1 specifies that         sps_bcw_enabled_flag for all pictures in OlsInScope shall be         equal to 0. gci_no_bcw_constraint_flag equal to 0 does not         impose such a constraint.     -   gci_no_ciip_constraint_flag equal to 1 specifies that         sps_ciip_enabled_flag for all pictures in OlsInScope shall be         equal to 0. gci_no_ciip_constraint_flag equal to 0 does not         impose such a constraint.     -   gci_no_gpm_constraint_flag equal to 1 specifies that         sps_gpm_enabled_flag for all pictures in OlsInScope shall be         equal to 0. gci_no_gpm_constraint_flag equal to 0 does not         impose such a constraint.     -   gci_no_luma_transform_size_64_constraint_flag equal to 1         specifies that sps_max_luma_transform_size_64_flag for all         pictures in OlsInScope shall be equal to 0.         gci_no_luma_transform_size_64_constraint_flag equal to 0 does         not impose such a constraint.     -   gci_no_transform_skip_constraint_flag equal to 1 specifies that         sps_transform_skip_enabled_flag for all pictures in OlsInScope         shall be equal to 0. gci_no_transform_skip_constraint_flag equal         to 0 does not impose such a constraint.     -   gci_no_bdpcm_constraint_flag equal to 1 specifies that         sps_bdpcm_enabled_flag for all pictures in OlsInScope shall be         equal to 0. gci_no_bdpcm_constraint_flag equal to 0 does not         impose such a constraint.     -   gci_no_mts_constraint_flag equal to 1 specifies that         sps_mts_enabled_flag for all pictures in OlsInScope shall be         equal to 0. gci_no_mts_constraint_flag equal to 0 does not         impose such a constraint.     -   gci_no_lfnst_constraint_flag equal to 1 specifies that         sps_lfnst_enabled_flag for all pictures in OlsInScope shall be         equal to 0. gci_no_lfnst_constraint_flag equal to 0 does not         impose such a constraint.     -   gci_no_joint_cbcr_constraint_flag equal to 1 specifies that         sps_joint_cbcr_enabled_flag for all pictures in OlsInScope shall         be equal to 0. gci_no_joint_cbcr_constraint_flag equal to 0 does         not impose such a constraint.     -   gci_no_sbt_constraint_flag equal to 1 specifies that         sps_sbt_enabled_flag for all pictures in OlsInScope shall be         equal to 0. gci_no_sbt_constraint_flag equal to 0 does not         impose such a constraint.     -   gci_no_act_constraint_flag equal to 1 specifies that         sps_act_enabled_flag for all pictures in OlsInScope shall be         equal to 0. gci_no_act_constraint_flag equal to 0 does not         impose such a constraint.     -   gci_no_explicit_scaling_list_constraint_flag equal to 1         specifies that sps_explicit_scaling_list_enabled_flag for all         pictures in OlsInScope shall be equal to 0.         gci_no_explicit_scaling_list_constraint_flag equal to 0 does not         impose such a constraint.     -   gci_no_dep_quant_constraint_flag equal to 1 specifies that         sps_dep_quant_enabled_flag for all pictures in OlsinScope shall         be equal to 0. gci_no_dep_quant_constraint_flag equal to 0 does         not impose such a constraint.     -   gci_no_sign_data_hiding_constraint_flag equal to 1 specifies         that sps_sign_data_hiding_enabled_flag for all pictures in         OlsInScope shall be equal to 0.         gci_no_sign_data_hiding_constraint_flag equal to 0 does not         impose such a constraint.     -   gci_no_cu_qp_delta_constraint_flag equal to 1 specifies that         pps_cu_qp_delta_enabled_flag for all pictures in OlsInScope         shall be equal to 0. gci_no_cu_qp_delta_constraint_flag equal to         0 does not impose such a constraint.     -   gci_no_chroma_qp_offset_constraint_flag equal to 1 specifies         that pps_cu_chroma_qp_offset_list_enabled_flag for all pictures         in OlsInScope shall be equal to 0.         gci_no_chroma_qp_offset_constraint_flag equal to 0 does not         impose such a constraint.     -   gci_no_sao_constraint_flag equal to 1 specifies that         sps_sao_enabled_flag for all pictures in OlsInScope shall be         equal to 0. gci_no_sao_constraint_flag equal to 0 does not         impose such a constraint.     -   gci_no_alf_constraint_flag equal to 1 specifies that         sps_alf_enabled_flag for all pictures in OlsInScope shall be         equal to 0. gci_no_alf_constraint_flag equal to 0 does not         impose such a constraint.     -   gci_no_ccalf_constraint_flag equal to 1 specifies that         sps_ccalf_enabled_flag for all pictures in OlsInScope shall be         equal to 0. gci_no_ccalf_constraint_flag equal to 0 does not         impose such a constraint.     -   gci_no_lmcs_constraint_flag equal to 1 specifies that         sps_1mcs_enabled_flag for all pictures in OlsInScope shall be         equal to 0. gci_no_lmcs_constraint_flag equal to 0 does not         impose such a constraint.     -   gci_no_ladf_constraint_flag equal to 1 specifies that         sps_ladf_enabled_flag for all pictures in OlsInScope shall be         equal to 0. gci_no_ladf_constraint_flag equal to 0 does not         impose such a constraint.     -   gci_no_virtual_boundaries_constraint_flag equal to 1 specifies         that sps_virtual_boundaries_enabled_flag for all pictures in         OlsinScope shall be equal to 0.         gci_no_virtual_boundaries_constraint_flag equal to 0 does not         impose such a constraint.     -   gci_num_reserved_bits specifies the number of the reserved GCI         bits. The value of gci_num_reserved_bits shall be equal to 0 in         bitstreams conforming to this version of this Specification.         Other values of gci_num_reserved_bits are reserved for future         use by ITU-T ISO/IEC. Although the value of         gci_num_reserved_bits is required to be equal to 0 in this         version of this Specification, decoders conforming to this         version of this Specification shall allow the value of         gci_num_reserved_bits greater than 0 to appear in the syntax and         shall ignore the values of all the gci_reserved_zero_bit[i]         syntax elements when gci_num_reserved_bits is greater than 0.     -   gci_reserved_zero_bit[i] could have any value. Its presence and         value do not affect the decoding process specified in this         version of this Specification. Decoders conforming to this         version of this Specification shall ignore the values of all the         gci_reserved_zero_bit[i] syntax elements.     -   gci_alignment_zero_bit shall be equal to 0.

It should be noted that with respect to the semantics provided above, JVET-T2001 provides the following definitions:

-   -   access unit (AU): A set of PUs that belong to different layers         and contain coded pictures associated with the same time for         output from the DPB.     -   coded picture: A coded representation of a picture comprising         VCL NAL units with a particular value of nuh_layer_id within an         AU and containing all CTUs of the picture.     -   layer: A set of VCL NAL units that all have a particular value         of nuh_layer_id and the associated non-VCL NAL units.     -   level: A defined set of constraints on the values that may be         taken by the syntax elements and variables of JVET-T2001, or the         value of a transform coefficient prior to scaling.         -   NOTE—The same set of levels is defined for all profiles,             with most aspects of the definition of each level being in             common across different profiles. Individual implementations             could, within the specified constraints, support a different             level for each supported profile.     -   operation point (OP): A temporal subset of an OLS, identified by         an OLS index and a highest value of TemporalId.     -   output layer: A layer of an output layer set that is output.     -   output layer set (OLS): A set of layers for which one or more         layers are specified as the output layers.     -   output layer set (OLS) layer index: An index, of a layer in an         OLS, to the list of layers in the OLS.     -   picture unit (PU): A set of NAL units that are associated with         each other according to a specified classification rule, are         consecutive in decoding order, and contain exactly one coded         picture.     -   profile: A specified subset of the syntax of JVET-T2001.     -   sublayer: A temporal scalable layer of a temporal scalable         bitstream, consisting of VCL NAL units with a particular value         of the TemporalId variable and the associated non-VCL NAL units.     -   sublayer representation: A subset of the bitstream consisting of         NAL units of a particular sublayer and the lower sublayers.     -   tier: A specified category of level constraints imposed on         values of the syntax elements in the bitstream, where the level         constraints are nested within a tier and a decoder conforming to         a certain tier and level would be capable of decoding all         bitstreams that conform to the same tier or the lower tier of         that level or any level below it.

Thus, according to JVET-T2001, profiles, tiers and levels specify restrictions on bitstreams and hence limits on the capabilities needed to decode the bitstreams. Profiles, tiers and levels are also used to indicate the capability of individual decoder implementations and interoperability points between encoders and decoders. That is, each operating point will conform to a profile, tier, and level. Further, according to JVET-T2001, an operation point, which may be referred to as an operating point, is a particular temporal subset of an output layer set, where output layer set is a set of layers for which one or more layers are specified as output layers. A temporal subset contains one or more temporal sublayers. For example, a layer in JVET-T2001 may include two temporal sub-layers. The lowest temporal sub-layer 0, results in a 30 Hz frame rate or picture rate video. Both the temporal sublayers together result in 60 Hz frame rate or picture rate video. Thus, the layer may include two operation points, (1) an operation point where the highest temporal sublayer which is decoded is temporal sublayer 0, the 30 Hz video sublayer and (2) an operation point where the highest temporal sublayer which is decoded is temporal sublayer 1, which along with temporal sublayer 0 which is also decoded results in the 60 Hz video (which includes decoding the 30 Hz sublayer-temporal sublayer 0).

With respect to profiles, tiers, and levels, JVET-T2001 provides the following in Annex A:

-   -   For each operation point identified by TargetOlsIdx and Htid,         the profile, tier, and level information is indicated through         general_profile_idc, general_tier_flag, and         sublayer_level_idc[Htid], all found in or derived from the         profile_tier_level( ) syntax structure in the VPS that applies         to the OLS identified by TargetOlsIdx.     -   When no VPS is available, the profile and tier information is         indicated through general_profile_idc and general_tier_flag in         the SPS, and the level information is indicated as follows:         -   If Htid is provided by external means indicating the highest             TemporalId of any NAL unit in the bitstream, the level             information is indicated through sublayer_level_idc[Htid]             found in or derived from the SPS.         -   Otherwise (Htid is not provided by external means), the             level information is indicated through general_level_idc in             the SPS.     -   NOTE—Decoders are not required to extract a subset of the         bitstream; any such extraction process that might be a part of         the system is considered outside of the scope of the decoding         process specified by this Specification. The values TargetOlsIdx         and Htid are not necessary for the operation of the decoding         process, could be provided by external means, and can be used to         check the conformance of the bitstream.     -   Profiles     -   Main 10 and Main 10 Still Picture profiles     -   Bitstreams conforming to the Main 10 or Main 10 Still Picture         profile shall obey the following constraints:         -   Referenced SPSs shall have ptl_multilayer_enabled_flag equal             to 0.         -   In a bitstream conforming to the Main 10 Still Picture             profile, the bitstream shall contain only one picture.         -   Referenced SPSs shall have sps_chroma_format_idc equal to 0             or 1.         -   Referenced SPSs shall have sps_bitdepth_minus8 in the range             of 0 to 2, inclusive.         -   Referenced SPSs shall have sps_palette_enabled_flag equal to             0.         -   In a bitstream conforming to the Main 10 profile,             general_level_idc and sublayer_level_idc[i] for all values             of i in the referenced VPS (when available) and in the             referenced SPSs shall not be equal to 255 (which indicates             level 15.5).         -   The tier and level constraints specified for the Main 10 or             Main 10 Still Picture profile, as applicable, shall be             fulfilled.     -   Conformance of a bitstream to the Main 10 profile is indicated         by general_profile_idc being equal to 1.     -   Conformance of a bitstream to the Main 10 Still Picture profile         is indicated by general_profile_idc being equal to 65.         -   NOTE—When the conformance of a bitstream to the Main 10             Still Picture profile is indicated by general_profile_idc             being equal to 65, and the indicated level is not level             15.5, the conditions for indication of the conformance of             the bitstream to the Main 10 profile are also fulfilled.     -   Decoders conforming to the Main 10 profile at a specific level         of a specific tier shall be capable of decoding all bitstreams         for which all of the following conditions apply:         -   The bitstream is indicated to conform to the Main 10 or Main             10 Still Picture profile.         -   The bitstream is indicated to conform to a tier that is             lower than or equal to the specified tier.         -   The bitstream is indicated to conform to a level that is not             level 15.5 and is lower than or equal to the specified             level.     -   Decoders conforming to the Main 10 Still Picture profile at a         specific level of a specific tier shall be capable of decoding         all bitstreams for which all of the following conditions apply:         -   The bitstream is indicated to conform to the Main 10 Still             Picture profile.         -   The bitstream is indicated to conform to a tier that is             lower than or equal to the specified tier.         -   The bitstream is indicated to conform to a level that is not             level 15.5 and is lower than or equal to the specified             level.     -   Decoders conforming to the Main 10 Still Picture profile at a         specific level of a specific tier shall also be capable of         decoding of the first picture of a bitstream when both of the         following conditions apply:         -   That bitstream is indicated to conform to the Main 10             profile, to conform to a tier that is lower than or equal to             the specified tier, and to conform to a level that is not             level 15.5 and is lower than or equal to the specified             level.         -   That picture is an IRAP picture or is a GDR picture with             ph_recovery_poc_cnt equal to 0, is in an output layer, and             has ph_pic_output_flag equal to 1.     -   Main 10 4:4:4 and Main 10 4:4:4 Still Picture Profiles     -   Bitstreams conforming to the Main 10 4:4:4 or Main 10 4:4:4         Still Picture profile shall obey the following constraints:         -   Referenced SPSs shall have ptl_multilayer_enabled_flag equal             to 0.         -   In a bitstream conforming to the Main 10 4:4:4 Still Picture             profile, the bitstream shall contain only one picture.         -   Referenced SPSs shall have sps_chroma_format_idc in the             range of 0 to 3, inclusive.         -   Referenced SPSs shall have sps_bitdepth_minus8 in the range             of 0 to 2, inclusive.         -   In a bitstream conforming to the Main 10 4:4:4 profile,             general_level_idc and sublayer_level_idc[i] for all values             of i in the referenced VPS (when available) and in the             referenced SPSs shall not be equal to 255 (which indicates             level 15.5).         -   The tier and level constraints specified for the Main 10             4:4:4 or Main 10 4:4:4 Still Picture profile, as applicable,             shall be fulfilled.     -   Conformance of a bitstream to the Main 10 4:4:4 profile is         indicated by general_profile_idc being equal to 33.     -   Conformance of a bitstream to the Main 10 4:4:4 Still Picture         profile is indicated by general_profile_idc being equal to 97.         -   NOTE—When the conformance of a bitstream to the Main 10             4:4:4 Still Picture profile is indicated by             general_profile_idc being equal to 97, and the indicated             level is not level 15.5, the conditions for indication of             the conformance of the bitstream to the Main 10 4:4:4             profile are also fulfilled.     -   Decoders conforming to the Main 10 4:4:4 profile at a specific         level of a specific tier shall be capable of decoding all         bitstreams for which all of the following conditions apply:         -   The bitstream is indicated to conform to the Main 10 4:4:4,             Main 10, Main 10 4:4:4 Still Picture, or Main 10 Still             Picture profile.         -   The bitstream is indicated to conform to a tier that is             lower than or equal to the specified tier.         -   The bitstream is indicated to conform to a level that is not             level 15.5 and is lower than or equal to the specified             level.     -   Decoders conforming to the Main 10 4:4:4 Still Picture profile         at a specific level of a specific tier shall be capable of         decoding all bitstreams for which all of the following         conditions apply:         -   The bitstream is indicated to conform to the Main 10 4:4:4             Still Picture or Main 10 Still Picture profile.         -   The bitstream is indicated to conform to a tier that is             lower than or equal to the specified tier.         -   The bitstream is indicated to conform to a level that is not             level 15.5 and is lower than or equal to the specified             level.     -   Decoders conforming to the Main 10 4:4:4 Still Picture profile         at a specific level of a specific tier shall also be capable of         decoding of the first picture of a bitstream when both of the         following conditions apply:         -   That bitstream is indicated to conform to the Main 10 4:4:4             profile, to conform to a tier that is lower than or equal to             the specified tier, to conform to a level that is not level             15.5 and is lower than or equal to the specified level.         -   That picture is an IRAP picture or is a GDR picture with             ph_recovery_poc_cnt equal to 0, is in an output layer, and             has ph_pic_output_flag equal to 1.     -   Multilayer Main 10 Profile     -   Bitstreams conforming to the Multilayer Main 10 shall obey the         following constraints:         -   Referenced SPSs shall have sps_chroma_format_idc equal to 0             or 1.         -   Referenced SPSs shall have sps_bitdepth_minus8 in the range             of 0 to 2, inclusive.         -   Referenced SPSs shall have sps_palette_enabled_flag equal to             0.         -   In a bitstream conforming to the Multilayer Main 10 profile,             general_level_idc and sublayer_level_idc[i] for all values             of i in the referenced VPS (when available) and in the             referenced SPSs shall not be equal to 255 (which indicates             level 15.5).         -   The tier and level constraints specified for the Multilayer             Main 10 profile, as applicable, shall be fulfilled.     -   Conformance of a bitstream to the Multilayer Main 10 profile is         indicated by general_profile_idc being equal to 17.     -   Decoders conforming to the Multilayer Main 10 profile at a         specific level of a specific tier shall be capable of decoding         all bitstreams for which all of the following conditions apply:         -   The bitstream is indicated to conform to the Multilayer Main             10, Main 10, or Main 10 Still Picture profile.         -   The bitstream is indicated to conform to a tier that is             lower than or equal to the specified tier.         -   The bitstream is indicated to conform to a level that is not             level 15.5 and is lower than or equal to the specified             level.     -   Multilayer Main 10 4:4:4 Profile     -   Bitstreams conforming to the Multilayer Main 10 4:4:4 profile         shall obey the following constraints:         -   Referenced SPSs shall have sps_chroma_format_idc in the             range of 0 to 3, inclusive.         -   Referenced SPSs shall have sps_bitdepth_minus8 in the range             of 0 to 2, inclusive.         -   In a bitstream conforming to the Multilayer Main 10 4:4:4             profile, general_level_idc and sublayer_level_idc[i] for all             values of i in the referenced VPS (when available) and in             the referenced SPSs shall not be equal to 255 (which             indicates level 15.5).         -   The tier and level constraints specified for the Multilayer             Main 10 4:4:4 profile, as applicable, shall be fulfilled.

Conformance of a bitstream to the Multilayer Main 10 4:4:4 profile is indicated by general_profile_idc being equal to 49.

-   -   Decoders conforming to the Multilayer Main 10 4:4:4 profile at a         specific level of a specific tier shall be capable of decoding         all bitstreams for which all of the following conditions apply:         -   The bitstream is indicated to conform to the Multilayer Main             10 4:4:4, Multilayer Main 10, Main 10 4:4:4, Main 10, Main             10 4:4:4 Still Picture, or Main 10 Still Picture profile.         -   The bitstream is indicated to conform to a tier that is             lower than or equal to the specified tier.         -   The bitstream is indicated to conform to a level that is not             level 15.5 and is lower than or equal to the specified             level.     -   General Tier and Level Limits     -   For purposes of comparison of tier capabilities, the tier with         general_tier_flag equal to 0 (i.e., the Main tier) is considered         to be a lower tier than the tier with general_tier_flag equal to         1 (i.e., the High tier).     -   For purposes of comparison of level capabilities, a particular         level of a specific tier is considered to be a lower level than         some other level of the same tier when the value of the         general_level_idc or sublayer_level_idc[i] of the particular         level is less than that of the other level.     -   The following is specified for expressing the constraints in         this annex:         -   Let AU n be the n-th AU in decoding order, with the first AU             being AU 0 (i.e., the 0-th AU).         -   For an OLS with OLS index TargetOlsIdx, the variables             PicWidthMaxInSamplesY, PicHeightMaxInSamplesY, and             PicSizeMaxInSamplesY, and the applicable dpb_parameters( )             syntax structure are derived as follows:             -   If NumLayersInOls[TargetOlsIdx] is equal to 1,                 PicWidthMaxInSamplesY is set equal to                 sps_pic_width_max_in_luma_samples,                 PicHeightMaxInSamplesY is set equal to                 sps_pic_height_max_in_luma_samples, and                 PicSizeMaxInSamplesY is set equal to                 PicWidthMaxInSamplesY*PicHeightMaxInSamplesY, where                 sps_pic_width_max_in_luma_samples and                 sps_pic_height_max_in_luma_samples are found in the SPS                 referred to by the layer in the OLS, and the applicable                 dpb_parameters( ) syntax structure is also found in that                 SPS.             -   Otherwise (NumLayersInOls[TargetOlsIdx] is greater than                 1), PicWidthMaxInSamplesY is set equal to                 vps_ols_dpb_pic_width[MultiLayerOlsIdx[TargetOlsIdx] ],                 PicHeightMaxInSamplesY is set equal to                 vps_ols_dpb_pic_height[MultiLayerOlsIdx[TargetOlsIdx] ],                 PicSizeMaxInSamplesY is set equal to                 PicWidthMaxInSamplesY*PicHeightMaxInSamplesY, and the                 applicable dpb_parameters( ) syntax structure is                 identified by                 vps_ols_dpb_params_idx[MultiLayerOlsIdx[TargetOlsIdx] ]                 found in the VPS.     -   Table 8 specifies the limits for each level of each tier for         levels other than level 15.5.     -   When the specified level is not level 15.5, bitstreams         conforming to a profile at a specified tier and level shall obey         the following constraints for each bitstream conformance test as         specified:         -   a) PicSizeMaxInSamplesY shall be less than or equal to             MaxLumaPs, where MaxLumaPs is specified in Table 7.         -   b) The value of PicWidthMaxInSamplesY shall be less than or             equal to Sqrt(MaxLumaPs*8).         -   c) The value of PicHeightMaxInSamplesY shall be less than or             equal to Sqrt(MaxLumaPs*8).         -   d) For each referenced PPS, the value of NumTileColumns             shall be less than or equal to MaxTileCols and the value of             NumTileslnPic shall be less than or equal to MaxTilesPerAu,             where MaxTileCols and MaxTilesPerAu are specified in Table             7.         -   e) For each referenced PPS, the value of             ColWidthVal[i]*CtbSizeY, for each i in the range of 0 to             NumTileColumns−1, inclusive, shall be less than or equal to             0.5*Sqrt(Max(level4Val, MaxLumaPs)*8), where MaxLumaPs is             specified in Table 7 and level4Val is equal to 2 228 224.             -   NOTE—The maximum tile width in luma samples is also less                 than or equal to the picture width, which is less than                 or equal to Sqrt(MaxLumaPs*8).         -   f) For the VCL HRD parameters, CpbSize[Htid][i] shall be             less than or equal to CpbVclFactor*MaxCPB for at least one             value of i in the range of 0 to hrd_cpb_cnt_minus1,             inclusive, where CpbSize[Htid][i] is specified based on             parameters selected, CpbVclFactor is specified in Table 10             and MaxCPB is specified in Table 8 in units of CpbVclFactor             bits.         -   g) For the NAL HRD parameters, CpbSize[Htid][i] shall be             less than or equal to CpbNalFactor*MaxCPB for at least one             value of i in the range of 0 to hrd_cpb_cnt_minus1,             inclusive, where CpbSize[Htid][i] is specified based on             parameters selected, CpbNalFactor is specified in Table 10,             and MaxCPB is specified in Table 8 in units of CpbNalFactor             bits.     -   A tier and level to which a bitstream conforms are indicated by         the syntax elements general_tier_flag and general_level_idc, and         a level to which a sublayer representation conforms are         indicated by the syntax element sublayer_level_idc[i], as         follows:         -   If the specified level is not level 15.5, general_tier_flag             equal to 0 indicates conformance to the Main tier,             general_tier_flag equal to 1 indicates conformance to the             High tier, according to the tier constraints specified in             Table 8 and general_tier_flag shall be equal to 0 for levels             below level 4 (corresponding to the entries in Table 8             marked with “−”). Otherwise (the specified level is level             15.5), it is a requirement of bitstream conformance that             general_tier_flag shall be equal to 1 and the value 0 for             general_tier_flag is reserved for future use by             ITU-T|ISO/IEC and decoders shall ignore the value of             general_tier_flag.         -   general_level_idc and sublayer_level_idc[i] shall be set             equal to a value of general_level_idc for the level number             specified in Table 8.

TABLE 8 Max CPB size MaxCPB Max luma (CpbVclFactor or picture size CpbNalFactor bits Max slices Max # of tile general_level_idc MaxLumaPs Main High per AU Max # of tile columns Level value* (samples) tier tier MaxSlicesPerAu MaxTilesPerAu MaxTileCols 1.0 16   36 864   350 — 16 1 1 2.0 32   122 880  1 500 — 16 1 1 2.1 35   245 760  3 000 — 20 1 1 3.0 48   552 960  6 000 — 30 4 2 3.1 51   983 040 10 000 — 40 9 3 4.0 64  2 228 224 12 000  30 000 75 25 5 4.1 67  2 228 224 20 000  50 000 75 25 5 5.0 80  8 912 896 25 000 100 000 200 110 10 5.1 83  8 912 896 40 000 160 000 200 110 10 5.2 86  8 912 896 60 000 240 000 200 110 10 6.0 96 35 651 584 60 000 240 000 600 440 20 6.1 99 35 651 584 120 000  480 000 600 440 20 6.2 102 35 651 584 180 000  800 000 600 440 20 *The level numbers in this table are in the form of “majorNum.minorNum”, and the value of general_level_idc for each of the levels is equal to majorNum * 16 + minorNum * 3.

-   -   Profile-Specific Level Limits     -   The following is specified for expressing the constraints in         this annex:         -   Let the variable FrVal be set equal to 1÷300 if             general_tier_flag is equal to 0 and set equal to 1÷960             otherwise.     -   The variable HbrFactor is defined as follows:         -   If the bitstream is indicated to conform to the Main 10,             Main 10 4:4:4, Multilayer Main 10, or Multilayer Main 10             4:4:4 profile, HbrFactor is set equal to 1.     -   The variable BrVclFactor, which represents the VCL bit rate         scale factor, is set equal to CpbVclFactor*HbrFactor.     -   The variable BrNalFactor, which represents the NAL bit rate         scale factor, is set equal to CpbNalFactor*HbrFactor.     -   The variable MinCr is set equal to         MinCrBase*MinCrScaleFactor÷HbrFactor.     -   When the specified level is not level 15.5, the value of         dpb_max_dec_pic_buffering_minus1[Htid]+1 shall be less than or         equal to MaxDpbSize, which is derived as follows:

if( 2 * PicSizeMaxInSamplesY <= MaxLumaPs )  MaxDpbSize = 2 * maxDpbPicBuf else if( 3 * PicSizeMaxInSamplesY <= 2 * MaxLumaPs )  MaxDpbSize = 3 * maxDpbPicBuf / 2 else  MaxDpbSize = maxDpbPicBuf

-   -   where MaxLumaPs is specified in Table 7, maxDpbPicBuf is equal         to 8, and dpb_max_dec_pic_buffering_minus1[Htid] is found in or         derived from the applicable dpb_parameters( ) syntax structure.     -   Let numDecPics be the number of pictures in AU n. The variable         AuSizeMaxInSamplesY[n] is set equal to         PicSizeMaxInSamplesY*numDecPics.     -   Bitstreams conforming to the Main 10, Main 10 4:4:4, Multilayer         Main 10, or Multilayer Main 10 4:4:4 profile at a specified tier         and level shall obey the following constraints for each         bitstream conformance test:         -   a) The nominal removal time of AU n (with n greater than 0)             from the CPB, as specified, shall satisfy the constraint             that AuNominalRemovalTime[n]−AuCpbRemovalTime[n−1] is             greater than or equal to             Max(AuSizeMaxInSamplesY[n−1]÷MaxLumaSr, FrVal), where             MaxLumaSr is the value specified in Table 9 that applies to             AU n−1.         -   b) The difference between consecutive output times of             pictures of different AUs from the DPB, as specified, shall             satisfy the constraint that DpbOutputInterval[n] is greater             than or equal to Max(AuSizeMaxInSamplesY[n]÷MaxLumaSr,             FrVal), where MaxLumaSr is the value specified in Table 9             for AU n, provided that AU n has a picture that is output             and AU n is not the last AU of the bitstream that has a             picture that is output.         -   c) The removal time of AU 0 shall satisfy the constraint             that the number of slices in AU 0 is less than or equal to             Min(Max(1,             MaxSlicesPerAu*MaxLumaSr/MaxLumaPs*(AuCpbRemovalTime[0]−AuNominalRemovalTime[0])+MaxSlicesPerAu*AuSizeMaxInSamplesY[0]/MaxLumaPs),             MaxSlicesPerAu), where MaxSlicesPerAu, MaxLumaPs and             MaxLumaSr are the values specified in Table 8 and Table 9,             respectively, that apply to AU 0.         -   d) The difference between consecutive CPB removal times of             AUs n and n−1 (with n greater than 0) shall satisfy the             constraint that the number of slices in AU n is less than or             equal to Min((Max(1,             MaxSlicesPerAu*MaxLumaSr/MaxLumaPs*(AuCpbRemovalTime[n]−AuCpbRemovalTime[n−1])),             MaxSlicesPerAu), where MaxSlicesPerAu, MaxLumaPs, and             MaxLumaSr are the values specified in Table 8 and Table 9             that apply to AU n.         -   e) For the VCL HRD parameters, BitRate[Htid][i] shall be             less than or equal to BrVclFactor*MaxBR for at least one             value of i in the range of 0 to hrd_cpb_cnt_minus1,             inclusive, where BitRate[Htid][i] is specified based on             parameters selected as specified and MaxBR is specified in             Table 8 in units of BrVclFactor bits/s.         -   f) For the NAL HRD parameters, BitRate[Htid][i] shall be             less than or equal to BrNalFactor*MaxBR for at least one             value of i in the range of 0 to hrd_cpb_cnt_minus1,             inclusive, where BitRate[Htid][i] is specified based on             parameters selected as specified and MaxBR is specified in             Table 8 in units of BrNalFactor bits/s.         -   g) The sum of the NumBytesInNalUnit variables for AU 0 shall             be less than or equal to             FormatCapabilityFactor*(Max(AuSizeMaxInSamplesY[0],             FrVal*MaxLumaSr)+MaxLumaSr*(AuCpbRemovalTime[0]−AuNominalRemovalTime[0]))÷MinCr,             where MaxLumaSr and FormatCapabilityFactor are the values             specified in Table 9 and Table 10, respectively, that apply             to AU 0.         -   h) The sum of the NumBytesInNalUnit variables for AU n (with             n greater than 0) shall be less than or equal to             FormatCapabilityFactor*MaxLumaSr*(AuCpbRemovalTime[n]−AuCpbRemovalTime[n−1])÷MinCr,             where MaxLumaSr and FormatCapabilityFactor are the values             specified in Table 9 and Table 10 respectively, that apply             to AU n.         -   i) The removal time of AU 0 shall satisfy the constraint             that the number of tiles in AU 0 is less than or equal to             Min(Max(1,             MaxTilesPerAu*120*(AuCpbRemovalTime[0]−AuNominalRemovalTime[0])+MaxTilesPerAu*AuSizeMaxInSamplesY[0]/MaxLumaPs),             MaxTilesPerAu), where MaxTilesPerAu is the value specified             in Table 8 that applies to AU 0.         -   j) The difference between consecutive CPB removal times of             AUs n and n−1 (with n greater than 0) shall satisfy the             constraint that the number of tiles in AU n is less than or             equal to Min(Max(1,             MaxTilesPerAu*120*(AuCpbRemovalTime[n]−AuCpbRemovalTime[n−1])),             MaxTilesPerAu), where MaxTilesPerAu is the value specified             in Table 8 that apply to AU n.

TABLE 9 Max bit rate MaxBR (BrVclFactor Min or compression Mac luma BrNalFactor ratio sample rate bit/s) MinCrBase MaxLumaSr Main High Main High Level (samples/sec) tier tier tier tier 1.0     552 960    128 — 2 2 2.0    3 686 400  1 500 — 2 2 2.1    7 372 800  3 000 — 2 2 3.0   16 588 800  6 000 — 2 2 3.1   33 177 600  10 000 — 2 2 4.0   66 846 720  12 000  30 000 4 4 4.1   133 693 440  20 000  50 000 4 4 5.0   267 386 880  25 000 100 000 6 4 5.1   534 773 760  40 000 160 000 8 4 5.2 1 069 547 520  60 000 240 000 8 4 6.0 1 069 547 520  60 000 240 000 8 4 6.1 2 139 095 040 120 000 480 000 8 4 6.2 4 278 190 080 240 000 800 000 8 4

TABLE 10 CpbVcl CpbNal FormatCapability MinCrScale Profile Factor Factor Factor Factor Main 10, Main 10 Still 1 000 1 100 1.875 1.0 Picture, Multilayer Main 10 Main 10 4:4:4, Main 2 500 2 750 3.750  0.75 10 4:4:4 Still Picture, Multilayer Main 10 4:4:4

It should be noted that “VVC operation range extensions (Draft 3),” 22th Meeting of ISO/IEC JTC1/SC29/WG11 20-28 Apr. 2021, Teleconference, document JVET-V2005-v1, which is incorporated by reference herein, and referred to as JVET-V2005, contains the draft text for changes to VVC for the support of operation range extensions.

TABLE 11 ...  sps_extension_flag u(1)  if( sps_extension_flag ) {   sps_range_extension_flag u(1)   sps_extension_7bits u(7)   if( sps_range_extension_flag )    sps_range_extension( )  }  if( sps_extension_7bits )   while( more_rbsp_data( ) )    sps_extension_data_flag u(1)  rbsp_trailing_bits( )

TABLE 12 Descriptor sps_range_extension( ) {  extended_precision_processing_flag u(1)  sps_ts_residual_coding_rice_present_in_sh_flag u(1)  sps_rrc_rice_extension_flag u(1)  sps_persistent_rice_adaptation_enabled_flag u(1) }

With respect to Table 11 and Table 12, JVET-V2005 provides the following semantics:

-   -   sps_extension_flag equal to 1 specifies that the syntax elements         sps_range_extension_flag and sps_extension_7bits are present in         the SPS RBSP syntax structure. sps_extension_flag equal to 0         specifies that these syntax elements are not present.     -   sps_range_extension_flag equal to 1 specifies that the         sps_range_extension( ) syntax structure is present in the SPS         RBSP syntax structure. sps_range_extension_flag equal to 0         specifies that this syntax structure is not present. When not         present, the value of sps_range_extension_flag is inferred to be         equal to 0.     -   sps_extension_7bits equal to 0 specifies that no         sps_extension_data_flag syntax elements are present in the SPS         RBSP syntax structure. When present, sps_extension_7bits shall         be equal to 0 in bitstreams conforming to this version of this         Specification. Values of sps_extension_7bits not equal to 0 are         reserved for future use by ITU-T|ISO/IEC. Decoders shall allow         the value of sps_extension_7bits not equal to 0 to appear in the         syntax. When not present, the value of sps_extension_7bits is         inferred to be equal to 0.     -   sps_extension_data_flag may have any value. Its presence and         value do not affect the decoding process specified in this         version of this Specification. Decoders conforming to this         version of this Specification shall ignore all         sps_extension_data_flag syntax elements.         extended_precision_processing_flag equal to 1 specifies that an         extended dynamic range may be used for transform coefficients         and transform processing. extended_precision_processing_flag         equal to 0 specifies that the extended dynamic range is not         used. When not present, the value of         extended_precision_processing_flag is inferred to be equal to 0.     -   The variable ExtendedPrecisionFlag is derived as follows:         -   If extended_precision_processing_flag is equal to 1 and             BitDepth is greater than 10, ExtendedPrecisionFlag is set             equal to 1.         -   Otherwise (extended_precision_processing_flag is equal to 0             or BitDepth is less than or equal to 10),             ExtendedPrecisionFlag is set equal to 0.             -   The variable Log 2TransformRange is derived as follows:                 Log 2TransformRange=ExtendedPrecisionFlag?                 Max(15,Min(20,BitDepth+6)):15     -   sps_ts_residual_coding_rice_present_in_sh_flag equal to 1         specifies that sh_ts_residual_coding_rice_idx_minus1 may be         present in slice_header( ) syntax structures referring to the         SPS. sps_ts_residual_coding_rice_present_in_sh_flag equal to 0         specifies that sh_ts_residual_coding_rice_idx_minus1 is not         present in slice_header( ) syntax structures referring to the         SPS. When not present, the value of         sps_ts_residual_coding_rice_present_in_sh_flag is inferred to be         equal to 0.     -   sps_rrc_rice_extension_flag equal to 1 specifies that an         extension of Rice parameter derivation for the binarization of         abs_remaining[ ] and dec_abs_level[ ] is enabled.         sps_rrc_rice_extension_flag equal to 0 specifies that the         extension of Rice parameter derivation for the binarization of         abs_remaining[ ] and dec_abs_level[ ] is disabled. When not         present, the value of sps_rrc_rice_extension_flag is inferred to         be equal to 0.     -   sps_persistent_rice_adaptation_enabled_flag equal to 1 specifies         that Rice parameter derivation for the binarization of         abs_remainder[ ] and dec_abs_level[ ] is initialized at the         start of each TU using statistics accumulated from previous TUs.         sps_persistent_rice_adaptation_enabled_flag equal to 0 specifies         that no previous TU state is used in Rice parameter derivation.         When not present, the value of         sps_persistent_rice_adaptation_enabled_flag is inferred to be         equal to 0.

It should be noted that JVET-V2005 provides the following semantics for sh_ts_residual_coding_rice_idx_minus1:

-   -   sh_ts_residual_coding_rice_idx_minus1 plus 1 specifies the Rice         parameter used for the residual_ts_coding( ) syntax structure.         When not present, the value of         sh_ts_residual_coding_rice_idx_minus1 is inferred to be equal to         0.

Thus, sps_range_extension( ) syntax structure may indicate which so-called range extension tools are enabled.

Further, JVET-V2005 as a Level 6.3, as provided in Table 13 and Table 14.

TABLE 13 Max CPB size MaxCPB Max luma (CpbVclFactor or picture size CpbNalFactor bits) Max slices Max # general_level_idc MaxLumaPs Main High per AU Max # of tile of tile Level value* (samples) tier tier MaxSlicesPerAu MaxTilesPerAu columns 6.3 105 80 216 064 240 000 800 000 1 000 990 30

TABLE 14 Max bit rate MaxBR (BrVclFactor Min or compression Mac luma BrNalFactor ratio sample rate bit/s) MinCrBase MaxLumaSr Main High Main High Level (samples/sec) tier tier tier tier 6.3 4 812 963 840 320 000 800 000 8 4

As provided above, JVET-T2001 does not provide operation range extension profiles. It should be noted that an example of operation range extensions profile is a 12-bit profile.

It should be noted that in one example, sps_range_extension( ) may include a syntax element sps_reverse_last_sig_coeff_enabled_flag based on the following semantics:

-   -   sps_reverse_last_sig_coeff_enabled_flag equal to 1 specifies         that sh_reverse_last_sig_coeff_flag is present in slice_header(         ) syntax structure referring to the SPS.         sps_reverse_last_sig_coeff_enabled_flag equal to 0 specifies         that sh_reverse_last_sig_coeff_flag is not present in         slice_header( ) syntax structure referring to the SPS. When not         present, the value of sps_reverse_last_sig_coeff_enabled_flag is         inferred to be equal to 0.

FIG. 1 is a block diagram illustrating an example of a system that may be configured to code (i.e., encode and/or decode) video data according to one or more techniques of this disclosure. System 100 represents an example of a system that may encapsulate video data according to one or more techniques of this disclosure. As illustrated in FIG. 1 , system 100 includes source device 102, communications medium 110, and destination device 120. In the example illustrated in FIG. 1 , source device 102 may include any device configured to encode video data and transmit encoded video data to communications medium 110. Destination device 120 may include any device configured to receive encoded video data via communications medium 110 and to decode encoded video data. Source device 102 and/or destination device 120 may include computing devices equipped for wired and/or wireless communications and may include, for example, set top boxes, digital video recorders, televisions, desktop, laptop or tablet computers, gaming consoles, medical imagining devices, and mobile devices, including, for example, smartphones, cellular telephones, personal gaming devices.

Communications medium 110 may include any combination of wireless and wired communication media, and/or storage devices. Communications medium 110 may include coaxial cables, fiber optic cables, twisted pair cables, wireless transmitters and receivers, routers, switches, repeaters, base stations, or any other equipment that may be useful to facilitate communications between various devices and sites. Communications medium 110 may include one or more networks. For example, communications medium 110 may include a network configured to enable access to the World Wide Web, for example, the Internet. A network may operate according to a combination of one or more telecommunication protocols. Telecommunications protocols may include proprietary aspects and/or may include standardized telecommunication protocols. Examples of standardized telecommunications protocols include Digital Video Broadcasting (DVB) standards, Advanced Television Systems Committee (ATSC) standards, Integrated Services Digital Broadcasting (ISDB) standards, Data Over Cable Service Interface Specification (DOCSIS) standards, Global System Mobile Communications (GSM) standards, code division multiple access (CDMA) standards, 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) standards, European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI) standards, Internet Protocol (IP) standards, Wireless Application Protocol (WAP) standards, and Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) standards.

Storage devices may include any type of device or storage medium capable of storing data. A storage medium may include a tangible or non-transitory computer-readable media. A computer readable medium may include optical discs, flash memory, magnetic memory, or any other suitable digital storage media. In some examples, a memory device or portions thereof may be described as non-volatile memory and in other examples portions of memory devices may be described as volatile memory. Examples of volatile memories may include random access memories (RAM), dynamic random access memories (DRAM), and static random access memories (SRAM). Examples of non-volatile memories may include magnetic hard discs, optical discs, floppy discs, flash memories, or forms of electrically programmable memories (EPROM) or electrically erasable and programmable (EEPROM) memories. Storage device(s) may include memory cards (e.g., a Secure Digital (SD) memory card), internal/external hard disk drives, and/or internal/external solid state drives. Data may be stored on a storage device according to a defined file format.

FIG. 4 is a conceptual drawing illustrating an example of components that may be included in an implementation of system 100. In the example implementation illustrated in FIG. 4 , system 100 includes one or more computing devices 402A-402N, television service network 404, television service provider site 406, wide area network 408, local area network 410, and one or more content provider sites 412A-412N. The implementation illustrated in FIG. 4 represents an example of a system that may be configured to allow digital media content, such as, for example, a movie, a live sporting event, etc., and data and applications and media presentations associated therewith to be distributed to and accessed by a plurality of computing devices, such as computing devices 402A-402N. In the example illustrated in FIG. 4 , computing devices 402A-402N may include any device configured to receive data from one or more of television service network 404, wide area network 408, and/or local area network 410. For example, computing devices 402A-402N may be equipped for wired and/or wireless communications and may be configured to receive services through one or more data channels and may include televisions, including so-called smart televisions, set top boxes, and digital video recorders. Further, computing devices 402A-402N may include desktop, laptop, or tablet computers, gaming consoles, mobile devices, including, for example, “smart” phones, cellular telephones, and personal gaming devices.

Television service network 404 is an example of a network configured to enable digital media content, which may include television services, to be distributed. For example, television service network 404 may include public over-the-air television networks, public or subscription-based satellite television service provider networks, and public or subscription-based cable television provider networks and/or over the top or Internet service providers. It should be noted that although in some examples television service network 404 may primarily be used to enable television services to be provided, television service network 404 may also enable other types of data and services to be provided according to any combination of the telecommunication protocols described herein. Further, it should be noted that in some examples, television service network 404 may enable two-way communications between television service provider site 406 and one or more of computing devices 402A-402N. Television service network 404 may comprise any combination of wireless and/or wired communication media. Television service network 404 may include coaxial cables, fiber optic cables, twisted pair cables, wireless transmitters and receivers, routers, switches, repeaters, base stations, or any other equipment that may be useful to facilitate communications between various devices and sites. Television service network 404 may operate according to a combination of one or more telecommunication protocols. Telecommunications protocols may include proprietary aspects and/or may include standardized telecommunication protocols. Examples of standardized telecommunications protocols include DVB standards, ATSC standards, ISDB standards, DTMB standards, DMB standards, Data Over Cable Service Interface Specification (DOCSIS) standards, HbbTV standards, W3C standards, and UPnP standards.

Referring again to FIG. 4 , television service provider site 406 may be configured to distribute television service via television service network 404. For example, television service provider site 406 may include one or more broadcast stations, a cable television provider, or a satellite television provider, or an Internet-based television provider. For example, television service provider site 406 may be configured to receive a transmission including television programming through a satellite uplink/downlink. Further, as illustrated in FIG. 4 , television service provider site 406 may be in communication with wide area network 408 and may be configured to receive data from content provider sites 412A-412N. It should be noted that in some examples, television service provider site 406 may include a television studio and content may originate therefrom.

Wide area network 408 may include a packet based network and operate according to a combination of one or more telecommunication protocols. Telecommunications protocols may include proprietary aspects and/or may include standardized telecommunication protocols. Examples of standardized telecommunications protocols include Global System Mobile Communications (GSM) standards, code division multiple access (CDMA) standards, 3^(rd) Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) standards, European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI) standards, European standards (EN), IP standards, Wireless Application Protocol (WAP) standards, and Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) standards, such as, for example, one or more of the IEEE 802 standards (e.g., Wi-Fi). Wide area network 408 may comprise any combination of wireless and/or wired communication media. Wide area network 408 may include coaxial cables, fiber optic cables, twisted pair cables, Ethernet cables, wireless transmitters and receivers, routers, switches, repeaters, base stations, or any other equipment that may be useful to facilitate communications between various devices and sites. In one example, wide area network 408 may include the Internet. Local area network 410 may include a packet based network and operate according to a combination of one or more telecommunication protocols. Local area network 410 may be distinguished from wide area network 408 based on levels of access and/or physical infrastructure. For example, local area network 410 may include a secure home network.

Referring again to FIG. 4 , content provider sites 412A-412N represent examples of sites that may provide multimedia content to television service provider site 406 and/or computing devices 402A-402N. For example, a content provider site may include a studio having one or more studio content servers configured to provide multimedia files and/or streams to television service provider site 406. In one example, content provider sites 412A-412N may be configured to provide multimedia content using the IP suite. For example, a content provider site may be configured to provide multimedia content to a receiver device according to Real Time Streaming Protocol (RTSP), HTTP, or the like. Further, content provider sites 412A-412N may be configured to provide data, including hypertext based content, and the like, to one or more of receiver devices computing devices 402A-402N and/or television service provider site 406 through wide area network 408. Content provider sites 412A-412N may include one or more web servers. Data provided by data provider site 412A-412N may be defined according to data formats.

Referring again to FIG. 1 , source device 102 includes video source 104, video encoder 106, data encapsulator 107, and interface 108. Video source 104 may include any device configured to capture and/or store video data. For example, video source 104 may include a video camera and a storage device operably coupled thereto. Video encoder 106 may include any device configured to receive video data and generate a compliant bitstream representing the video data. A compliant bitstream may refer to a bitstream that a video decoder can receive and reproduce video data therefrom. Aspects of a compliant bitstream may be defined according to a video coding standard. When generating a compliant bitstream video encoder 106 may compress video data. Compression may be lossy (discernible or indiscernible to a viewer) or lossless. FIG. 5 is a block diagram illustrating an example of video encoder 500 that may implement the techniques for encoding video data described herein. It should be noted that although example video encoder 500 is illustrated as having distinct functional blocks, such an illustration is for descriptive purposes and does not limit video encoder 500 and/or sub-components thereof to a particular hardware or software architecture. Functions of video encoder 500 may be realized using any combination of hardware, firmware, and/or software implementations.

Video encoder 500 may perform intra prediction coding and inter prediction coding of picture areas, and, as such, may be referred to as a hybrid video encoder. In the example illustrated in FIG. 5 , video encoder 500 receives source video blocks. In some examples, source video blocks may include areas of picture that has been divided according to a coding structure. For example, source video data may include macroblocks, CTUs, CBs, sub-divisions thereof, and/or another equivalent coding unit. In some examples, video encoder 500 may be configured to perform additional sub-divisions of source video blocks. It should be noted that the techniques described herein are generally applicable to video coding, regardless of how source video data is partitioned prior to and/or during encoding. In the example illustrated in FIG. 5 , video encoder 500 includes summer 502, transform coefficient generator 504, coefficient quantization unit 506, inverse quantization and transform coefficient processing unit 508, summer 510, intra prediction processing unit 512, inter prediction processing unit 514, filter unit 516, and entropy encoding unit 518. As illustrated in FIG. 5 , video encoder 500 receives source video blocks and outputs a bitstream.

In the example illustrated in FIG. 5 , video encoder 500 may generate residual data by subtracting a predictive video block from a source video block. The selection of a predictive video block is described in detail below. Summer 502 represents a component configured to perform this subtraction operation. In one example, the subtraction of video blocks occurs in the pixel domain. Transform coefficient generator 504 applies a transform, such as a discrete cosine transform (DCT), a discrete sine transform (DST), or a conceptually similar transform, to the residual block or sub-divisions thereof (e.g., four 8×8 transforms may be applied to a 16×16 array of residual values) to produce a set of residual transform coefficients. Transform coefficient generator 504 may be configured to perform any and all combinations of the transforms included in the family of discrete trigonometric transforms, including approximations thereof. Transform coefficient generator 504 may output transform coefficients to coefficient quantization unit 506. Coefficient quantization unit 506 may be configured to perform quantization of the transform coefficients. The quantization process may reduce the bit depth associated with some or all of the coefficients. The degree of quantization may alter the rate-distortion (i.e., bit-rate vs. quality of video) of encoded video data. The degree of quantization may be modified by adjusting a quantization parameter (QP). A quantization parameter may be determined based on slice level values and/or CU level values (e.g., CU delta QP values). QP data may include any data used to determine a QP for quantizing a particular set of transform coefficients. As illustrated in FIG. 5 , quantized transform coefficients (which may be referred to as level values) are output to inverse quantization and transform coefficient processing unit 508. Inverse quantization and transform coefficient processing unit 508 may be configured to apply an inverse quantization and an inverse transformation to generate reconstructed residual data. As illustrated in FIG. 5 , at summer 510, reconstructed residual data may be added to a predictive video block. In this manner, an encoded video block may be reconstructed and the resulting reconstructed video block may be used to evaluate the encoding quality for a given prediction, transformation, and/or quantization. Video encoder 500 may be configured to perform multiple coding passes (e.g., perform encoding while varying one or more of a prediction, transformation parameters, and quantization parameters). The rate-distortion of a bitstream or other system parameters may be optimized based on evaluation of reconstructed video blocks. Further, reconstructed video blocks may be stored and used as reference for predicting subsequent blocks.

Referring again to FIG. 5 , intra prediction processing unit 512 may be configured to select an intra prediction mode for a video block to be coded. Intra prediction processing unit 512 may be configured to evaluate a frame and determine an intra prediction mode to use to encode a current block. As described above, possible intra prediction modes may include planar prediction modes, DC prediction modes, and angular prediction modes. Further, it should be noted that in some examples, a prediction mode for a chroma component may be inferred from a prediction mode for a luma prediction mode. Intra prediction processing unit 512 may select an intra prediction mode after performing one or more coding passes. Further, in one example, intra prediction processing unit 512 may select a prediction mode based on a rate-distortion analysis. As illustrated in FIG. 5 , intra prediction processing unit 512 outputs intra prediction data (e.g., syntax elements) to entropy encoding unit 518 and transform coefficient generator 504. As described above, a transform performed on residual data may be mode dependent (e.g., a secondary transform matrix may be determined based on a prediction mode).

Referring again to FIG. 5 , inter prediction processing unit 514 may be configured to perform inter prediction coding for a current video block. Inter prediction processing unit 514 may be configured to receive source video blocks and calculate a motion vector for PUs of a video block. A motion vector may indicate the displacement of a prediction unit of a video block within a current video frame relative to a predictive block within a reference frame. Inter prediction coding may use one or more reference pictures. Further, motion prediction may be uni-predictive (use one motion vector) or bi-predictive (use two motion vectors). Inter prediction processing unit 514 may be configured to select a predictive block by calculating a pixel difference determined by, for example, sum of absolute difference (SAD), sum of square difference (SSD), or other difference metrics. As described above, a motion vector may be determined and specified according to motion vector prediction. Inter prediction processing unit 514 may be configured to perform motion vector prediction, as described above. Inter prediction processing unit 514 may be configured to generate a predictive block using the motion prediction data. For example, inter prediction processing unit 514 may locate a predictive video block within a frame buffer (not shown in FIG. 5 ). It should be noted that inter prediction processing unit 514 may further be configured to apply one or more interpolation filters to a reconstructed residual block to calculate sub-integer pixel values for use in motion estimation. Inter prediction processing unit 514 may output motion prediction data for a calculated motion vector to entropy encoding unit 518.

Referring again to FIG. 5 , filter unit 516 receives reconstructed video blocks and coding parameters and outputs modified reconstructed video data. Filter unit 516 may be configured to perform deblocking and/or Sample Adaptive Offset (SAO) filtering. SAO filtering is a non-linear amplitude mapping that may be used to improve reconstruction by adding an offset to reconstructed video data. It should be noted that as illustrated in FIG. 5 , intra prediction processing unit 512 and inter prediction processing unit 514 may receive modified reconstructed video block via filter unit 216. Entropy encoding unit 518 receives quantized transform coefficients and predictive syntax data (i.e., intra prediction data and motion prediction data). It should be noted that in some examples, coefficient quantization unit 506 may perform a scan of a matrix including quantized transform coefficients before the coefficients are output to entropy encoding unit 518. In other examples, entropy encoding unit 518 may perform a scan. Entropy encoding unit 518 may be configured to perform entropy encoding according to one or more of the techniques described herein. In this manner, video encoder 500 represents an example of a device configured to generate encoded video data according to one or more techniques of this disclosure.

Referring again to FIG. 1 , data encapsulator 107 may receive encoded video data and generate a compliant bitstream, e.g., a sequence of NAL units according to a defined data structure. A device receiving a compliant bitstream can reproduce video data therefrom. Further, as described above, sub-bitstream extraction may refer to a process where a device receiving a compliant bitstream forms a new compliant bitstream by discarding and/or modifying data in the received bitstream. It should be noted that the term conforming bitstream may be used in place of the term compliant bitstream. In one example, data encapsulator 107 may be configured to generate syntax according to one or more techniques described herein. It should be noted that data encapsulator 107 need not necessary be located in the same physical device as video encoder 106. For example, functions described as being performed by video encoder 106 and data encapsulator 107 may be distributed among devices illustrated in FIG. 4 .

As described above, JVET-T2001 does not provide operation range extensions profiles. In one example, according to the techniques herein, operation range extension profiles may be supported. Tables 15A-15D provide examples of profiles that may be supported, examples of general_profile_idc values that may be assigned to profiles, and an indication of whether range extension tools are enabled for a profile, according to the techniques herein.

TABLE 15A Range extension tools enabled (Rice, Persistent, TSRice, Extended general_profile_idc precision) Main 10 1 No Main 10 Still Picture 65 No Main 10 4:4:4 33 No Main 10 4:4:4 Still 97 No Picture Multilayer Main 10 17 No Multilayer Main 10 49 No 4:4:4 Monochrome 10 4 No Monochrome 12 4 Yes Monochrome 16 4 Yes Main 12 4 No Main 12 Intra 4 No Main 10 4:2:2 4 Yes Main 12 4:2:2 4 Yes Main 12 4:4:4 36 Yes Main 16 4:4:4 36 Yes Main 12 4:2:2 Intra 4 Yes Main 12 4:4:4 Intra 36 Yes Main 16 4:4:4 Intra 36 Yes Main 12 Still Picture 68 Yes Main 12 4:4:4 Still 100 Yes Picture Main 16 4:4:4 Still 100 Yes Picture

TABLE 15B Range extension tools enabled (Rice, Persistent, TSRice, Extended general_profile_idc precision) Main 10 1 No Main 10 Still Picture 65 No Main 10 4:4:4 33 No Main 10 4:4:4 Still 97 No Picture Multilayer Main 10 17 No Multilayer Main 10 49 No 4:4:4 Main 12 2 No Main 12 Intra 10 No Main 12 4:4:4 34 Yes Main 16 4:4:4 36 Yes Main 12 4:4:4 Intra 42 Yes Main 16 4:4:4 Intra 44 Yes Main 12 Still Picture 66 Yes Main 12 4:4:4 Still 98 Yes Picture Main 16 4:4:4 Still 100 Yes Picture

TABLE 15C Range extension tools enabled (Rice, Persistent, TSRice, Extended general_profile_idc precision) Main 10 1 No Main 10 Still Picture 65 No Main 10 4:4:4 33 No Main 10 4:4:4 Still 97 No Picture Multilayer Main 10 17 No Multilayer Main 10 49 No 4:4:4 Main 12 2 No Main 12 Intra 5 No Main 12 4:4:4 34 Yes Main 16 4:4:4 36 Yes Main 12 4:4:4 Intra 37 Yes Main 16 4:4:4 Intra 37 Yes Main 12 Still Picture 66 Yes Main 12 4:4:4 Still 98 Yes Picture Main 16 4:4:4 Still 100 Yes Picture

TABLE 15D Range extension tools enabled (Rice, Persistent, TSRice, Extended general_profile_idc precision) Main 10 1 No Main 10 Still Picture 65 No Main 10 4:4:4 33 No Main 10 4:4:4 Still 97 No Picture Multilayer Main 10 17 No Multilayer Main 10 49 No 4:4:4 Main 12 2 No Main 12 Intra 5 No Main 12 4:4:4 34 Yes Main 16 4:4:4 36 Yes Main 12 4:4:4 Intra 5 Yes Main 16 4:4:4 Intra 5 Yes Main 12 Still Picture 66 Yes Main 12 4:4:4 Still 98 Yes Picture Main 16 4:4:4 Still 100 Yes Picture

With respect to Main 10, Main 10 Still Picture, Main 10 4:4:4, Main 10 4:4:4 Still Picture, Multilayer Main 10 and Multilayer Main 10 4:4:4 in Tables 15A-15D, the profiles may be based on the descriptions provided above. It should be noted that based on the range extension tools being disabled, the following constraint may be added to the profile descriptions:

-   -   Referenced SPSs shall have         sps_ts_residual_coding_rice_present_in_sh_flag,         sps_rrc_rice_extension_flag,         sps_persistent_rice_adaptation_enabled_flag,         extended_precision_processing_flag, when present, equal to 0         only.

Further, with respect to Table 15A, it should be noted that for Main 12 (i.e. 4:2:0), range extension tools are disabled and for Main 12 4:2:2 and 4:4:4, range extension tools are enabled.

Further, with respect to Table 15A, it should be noted that the values of general_profile_idc are based on the following:

-   -   4 for Monochrome 10, Monochrome 12, Monochrome 16, Main 10         4:2:2, Main 12 4:2:2 (and corresponding Intra)     -   36 (4+32) for Main 12 4:4:4, Main 16 4:4:4 (and corresponding         Intra)     -   68 (4+64) for Main 12 Still Picture     -   100 (4+32+64) for Main 12 4:4:4 Still Picture, Main 16 4:4:4         Still Picture     -   Where 4 is used as a basis for monochrome, 4:2:2 and higher bit,         32 is used as a basis for 4:4:4, and 64 is used as a basis for         Still picture.

Further, with respect to Table 15B, it should be noted that the values of general_profile_idc are based on the following:

-   -   2 for Main 12,     -   4 for Main 16,     -   8 for intra     -   64 for Still Picture     -   32 for 4:4:4

Further, with respect to Table 15C, it should be noted that the values of general_profile_idc are based on the following:

-   -   2 for Main 12,     -   4 for Main 16,     -   5 for Main 12 Intra, (and may be also Main 16 Intra)     -   64 for Still Picture     -   32 for 4:4:4

Further, with respect to Table 15D, it should be noted that the values of general_profile_idc are based on the following:

-   -   2 for Main 12,     -   4 for Main 16,     -   5 for Main 12 Intra, Main 12 4:4:4 Intra, (and may be also Main         16 Intra), Main 16 4:4:4 Intra,     -   64 for Still Picture     -   32 for 4:4:4

With respect to Monochrome 10, Monochrome 12, Monochrome 16, Main 12, Main 12 4:2:2, Main 12 4:4:4, Main 16 4:4:4, Main 12 4:2:2 Intra, Main 12 4:4:4 Intra and Main 16 4:4:4 Intra profiles in Table 15A, the profiles may be based on the following description:

-   -   The following profiles, collectively referred to as the format         range extensions profiles, are specified in this clause:         -   The Monochrome 10, Monochrome 12 and Monochrome 16 profiles         -   The Main 12 profile         -   The Main 10 4:2:2 and Main 12 4:2:2 profiles         -   The Main 12 4:4:4 profiles         -   The Main 16 4:4:4 profile         -   The Main 12 Intra, Main 12 4:2:2 Intra, Main 12 4:4:4 Intra             and Main 16 4:4:4 Intra profiles         -   The Main 12 Still Picture, Main 12 4:4:4 Still Picture and             Main 16 4:4:4 Still Picture profiles     -   It should be noted that a profile mentioned in this document as         Main X 4:y:z may instead be called Main 4:y:z X, instead.     -   Bitstreams conforming to the format range extensions profiles         shall obey the following constraints:         -   Referenced SPSs shall have ptl_multilayer_enabled_flag equal             to 0.         -   The constraints specified in Table 16 (which provides             allowed values for syntax elements in the format range             extensions profiles) shall apply, in which entries marked             with “−” indicate that the table entry does not impose a             profile-specific constraint on the corresponding syntax             element.             -   NOTE—For some syntax elements with table entries marked                 with “−”, a constraint may be imposed indirectly—e.g.,                 by semantics constraints that are imposed elsewhere in                 this Specification when other specified constraints are                 fulfilled.         -   In bitstreams conforming to the Main 12 Intra, Main 4:2:2 10             Intra, Main 12 4:2:2 Intra, Main 12 4:4:4 Intra or Main 16             4:4:4 Intra profiles, all pictures shall be IRAP pictures             and the output order indicated in the bitstream among these             pictures shall be the same as the decoding order.         -   In a bitstream conforming to the Main 12 Still Picture, Main             12 4:4:4 Still Picture and Main 16 4:4:4 Still Picture             profile, the bitstream shall contain only one picture.         -   The number of times read_bits(1) is called in the             renormalization process and the Bypass decoding process for             binary decisions process when parsing coding_tree_unit( )             data for any CTU shall be less than or equal to             5*RawCtuBits/3.         -   In bitstreams conforming to the Monochrome 10, Monochrome             12, Monochrome 16, Main 12, Main 4:2:2 10, Main 12 4:2:2,             Main 12 4:4:4, Main 12 Intra, Main 12 4:2:2 Intra, Main             4:4:4 Intra, Main 12 4:4:4 Intra, Main 16 4:4:4, or Main 16             4:4:4 Intra profiles, general_level_idc and             sub_layer_level_idc[i] for all values of i in active SPSs             for the base layer shall not be equal to 255 (which             indicates level 15.5).         -   The tier and level constraints specified for the Monochrome             10, Monochrome 12, Monochrome 16, Main 12, Main 4:2:2 10,             Main 12 4:2:2, Main 12 4:4:4, Main 12 Intra, Main 4:2:2 10             Intra, Main 12 4:2:2 Intra, Main 12 4:4:4 Intra or Main 16             4:4:4, Main 16 4:4:4 Intra profiles, as applicable, shall be             fulfilled.

TABLE 16 extended_precision_ processing_flag sps_ts_residual_coding_ rice_present_in_sh_flag, sps_rrc_rice_ Profile for which sps_ sps_ extension_flag, constraint is chroma_ bitdepth_ sps_persistent_rice_ specified format_idc minus8 adaptation_enabled_flag Monochrome 10 0 0 . . . 2 0 Monochrome 12 0 0 . . . 4 0 Monochrome 16 0 — — Main 12 0 or 1 0 . . . 4 0 Main 10 4:2:2 0 . . . 2 0 . . . 2 0 Main 12 4:2:2 0 . . . 2 0 . . . 4 — Main 12 4:4:4 — 0 . . . 4 — Main 16 4:4:4 — — — Main 12 Intra 0 or 1 0 . . . 4 0 Main 12 4:2:2 Intra 0 . . . 2 0 . . . 4 — Main 12 4:4:4 Intra — 0 . . . 4 — Main 16 4:4:4 Intra — — — Main 12 Still Picture 0 or 1 0 . . . 4 0 Main 12 4:4:4 Still 0 . . . 2 0 . . . 4 — Picture Main 16 4:4:4 Still — — — Picture

-   -   Conformance of a bitstream to Monochrome 12, Monochrome 16, Main         12, Main 10 4:2:2, Main 12 4:2:2, Main 12 4:4:4, Main 12 Intra,         Main 12 4:2:2 Intra, Main 4:4:4 Intra, Main 12 4:4:4 Intra, Main         16 4:4:4 or Main 16 4:4:4 Intra profiles in the format range         extensions profiles is indicated by general_profile_idc being         equal to 4 with the additional indications specified in Table         17.     -   Conformance of a bitstream to Main 12 4:4:4, Main 12 4:4:4         Intra, Main 16 4:4:4 or Main 16 4:4:4 Intra profiles in the         format range extensions profiles is indicated by         general_profile_idc being equal to 36.     -   Conformance of a bitstream to the Main 12 Still Picture profile         in the format range extensions profiles is indicated by         general_profile_idc being equal to 68.     -   Conformance of a bitstream to the Main 12 4:4:4 Still Picture or         Main 16 4:4:4 Still Picture profiles in the format range         extensions profiles is indicated by general_profile_idc being         equal to 100.

TABLE 17 general_ Profile for which gci_sixteen_ gci_three_ general_ lower_ the bitstream minus_max_ minus_max_ intra_ general_ bit_rate_ indicates bitdepth_ chroma_format_ constraint_ profile_ constraint_ conformance constraint_idc constraint_idc flag idc & 64 flag Monochrome 10 6 3 0 0 1 Monochrome 12 4 3 0 0 1 Monochrome 16 0 3 0 0 1 Main 12 4 2 0 0 1 Main 10 4:2:2 6 1 0 0 1 Main 12 4:2:2 4 1 0 0 1 Main 12 4:4:4 4 0 0 0 1 Main 16 4:4:4 0 0 0 0 1 Main 12 Intra 4 2 1 0 0 or 1 Main 12 4:2:2 Intra 4 1 1 0 0 or 1 Main 12 4:4:4 Intra 4 0 1 0 0 or 1 Main 16 4:4:4 Intra 0 0 1 0 0 or 1 Main 12 Still Picture 4 2 1 64 0 or 1 Main 12 4:4:4 Still 4 0 1 64 0 or 1 Picture Main 16 4:4:4 Still 0 0 1 64 0 or 1 Picture

-   -   Decoders conforming to a format range extensions profile at a         specific level (identified by a specific value of         general_level_idc) of a specific tier (identified by a specific         value of general_tier_flag) shall be capable of decoding all         bitstreams and sub-layer representations for which all of the         following conditions apply:         -   Any of the following conditions apply:             -   The decoder conforms to the Main 12, Main 10 4:2:2, Main                 12 4:2:2, Main 4:4:4, Main 10 4:4:4 or Main 12 4:4:4                 profile, and the bitstream or sub-layer representation                 is indicated to conform to the Main profile or the Main                 Still Picture profile.             -   The decoder conforms to the Main 12, Main 10 4:2:2, Main                 12 4:2:2, Main 4:4:4 10 or Main 12 4:4:4 profile, and                 the bitstream or sub-layer representation is indicated                 to conform to the Main 10 profile, the Main profile or                 the Main Still Picture profile.             -   The decoder conforms to the Main Intra, Main 10 Intra,                 Main 12 Intra, Main 10 4:2:2 Intra, Main 12 4:2:2 Intra,                 Main 4:4:4 Intra, Main 4:4:4 10 Intra, or Main 12 4:4:4                 Intra, Main 16 4:4:4 Intra, Main 4:4:4 Still Picture, or                 Main 16 4:4:4 Still Picture profile, and the bitstream                 or sub-layer representation is indicated to conform to                 the Main Still Picture profile.             -   general_profile_idc is equal to 4 or                 general_profile_compatibility_flag[4] is equal to 1 for                 the bitstream, and the value of each constraint_flag                 listed in Table 17 is greater than or equal to the                 value(s) specified in the row of Table 16 for the format                 range extensions profile for which the decoder                 conformance is evaluated.             -   sub_layer_profile_idc[i] is equal to 4 or                 sub_layer_profile_compatibility_flag[i][4] is equal to 1                 for the sub-layer representation, and the value of each                 constraint_flag listed in Table 17 is greater than or                 equal to the value(s) specified in the row of Table 17                 for the format range extensions profile for which the                 decoder conformance is evaluated, with each of the                 syntax elements in Table 17 being replaced by its i-th                 corresponding sub-layer syntax element.         -   The bitstream or sub-layer representation is indicated to             conform to a level that is not level 8.5 and is lower than             or equal to the specified level.         -   The bitstream or sub-layer representation is indicated to             conform to a tier that is lower than or equal to the             specified tier.     -   For decoders conforming to the Main Intra, Main 10 Intra, Main         12 Intra, Main 10 4:2:2 Intra, Main 12 4:2:2 Intra, Main 4:4:4         Intra, Main 4:4:4 10 Intra, Main 12 4:4:4 Intra, Main 16 4:4:4         Intra, Main 4:4:4 Still Picture, or Main 16 4:4:4 Still picture         profile, the application of either or both of the in-loop         filters of the in-loop filter process is optional.

With respect to Monochrome 10, Monochrome 12, Monochrome 16, Main 12, Main 12 4:2:2, Main 12 4:4:4, Main 16 4:4:4, Main 12 4:2:2 Intra, Main 12 44 Intra and Main 16 4:4:4 Intra profiles in Table 15, the General tier and level limits may be based on the General tier and level limits provided above with the following modifications:

-   -   The variable HbrFactor is defined as follows:         -   If the bitstream is indicated to conform to the Main 10,             Main 10 4:4:4, Multilayer Main 10, or Multilayer Main 10             4:4:4 profile, HbrFactor is set equal to 1.         -   Otherwise, HbrFactor is set equal to             2−general_lower_bit_rate_constraint_flag.     -   Or         -   Otherwise, HbrFactor is set equal to             general_hbr_factor_idc+1     -   And Table 10 may be replaced with Table 11A.

TABLE 10A Profile CpbVclFactor CpbNalFactor FormatCapabilityFactor MinCrScaleFactor Main 10, Main 10 Still 1 000 1 100 1.875 1.0 Picture, Multilayer Main 10 Main 10 4:4:4, Main 10 2 500 2 750 3.750 0.75 4:4:4 Still Picture, Multilayer Main 10 4:4:4 Monochrome 10   833   917 1.250 1.0 Monochrome 12 1 000 1 100 1.500 1.0 Monochrome 16 1 333 1 467 2.000 1.0 Main 12 1 500 1 650 2.250 1.0 Main 10 4:2:2 1 667 1 833 2.500 0.5 Main 12 4:2:2 2 000 2 200 3.000 0.5 Main 4:4:4 10 2 500 2 750 3.750 0.5 Main 12 4:4:4 3 000 3 300 4.500 0.5 Main 16 4:4:4 4 000 4 400 6.000 0.5 Main 10 Intra 1 000 1 100 1.875 1.0 Main 12 Intra 1 500 1 650 2.250 1.0 Main 10 4:2:2 Intra 1 667 1 833 2.500 0.5 Main 12 4:2:2 Intra 2 000 2 200 3.000 0.5 Main 4:4:4 Intra 2 000 2 200 3.000 0.5 Main 4:4:4 10 Intra 2 500 2 750 3.750 0.5 Main 12 4:4:4 Intra 3 000 3 300 4.500 0.5 Main 16 4:4:4 Intra 4 000 4 400 6.000 0.5 Main 12 Still Picture 2 000 2 200 3.000 0.5 Main 12 4:4:4 Still 3 000 3 300 4.500 0.5 Picture Main 16 4:4:4 Still 4 000 4 400 6.000 0.5 Picture

With respect to Main 12, Main 12 Intra, Main 12 Still Picture, Main 12 4:4:4, Main 12 4:4:4 Intra, Main 12 4:4:4 Still Picture, Main 16 4:4:4, Main 16 4:4:4 Intra, Main 16 4:4:4 Still Picture in Tables 15B-15D, the profiles may be based on the following description:

-   -   The following profiles, collectively referred to as the format         range extensions profiles, are specified in this clause:         -   The Main 12, Main 12 4:4:4 and Main 16 4:4:4 profiles         -   The Main 12 Intra profiles, Main 12 4:4:4 Intra and Main 16             4:4:4 Intra profiles         -   The Main 12 Still Picture, Main 12 4:4:4 Still Picture and             Main 16 4:4:4 Still Picture profiles     -   Bitstreams conforming to the format range extensions profiles         shall obey the following constraints:         -   Referenced SPSs shall have ptl_multilayer_enabled_flag equal             to 0.         -   The constraints specified in Table 16A (which provides             allowed values for syntax elements in the format range             extensions profiles) shall apply, in which entries marked             with “−” indicate that the table entry does not impose a             profile-specific constraint on the corresponding syntax             element.             -   NOTE—For some syntax elements with table entries marked                 with “−”, a constraint may be imposed indirectly—e.g.,                 by semantics constraints that are imposed elsewhere in                 this Specification when other specified constraints are                 fulfilled.         -   In bitstreams conforming to the Main 12 Intra, Main 4:2:2 10             Intra, Main 12 4:2:2 Intra, Main 12 4:4:4 Intra or Main 16             4:4:4 Intra profiles, all pictures shall be IRAP pictures             and the output order indicated in the bitstream among these             pictures shall be the same as the decoding order.         -   In a bitstream conforming to the Main 12 Still Picture, Main             12 4:4:4 Still Picture and Main 16 4:4:4 Still Picture             profile, the bitstream shall contain only one picture.         -   In bitstreams conforming to the Main 12, Main 12 4:4:4, Main             16 4:4:4, Main 12 Intra, Main 12 4:4:4 Intra, or Main 16             4:4:4 Intra profiles, general_level_idc for all values of i             in active SPSs shall not be equal to 255 (which indicates             level 15.5).         -   The tier and level constraints specified for the Main 12,             Main 12 4:4:4, Main 16 4:4:4, Main 12 Intra, Main 4:2:2             Intra or Main 16 4:4:4 Intra profiles, as applicable, shall             be fulfilled.

Allowed Values for Syntax Elements in the Format Range Extensions Profiles

TABLE 16A extended_precision_processing_flag sps_ts_residual_coding_rice_ present_in_sh_flag, sps_rrc_rice_extension_flag, sps_ sps_ sps_persistent_rice_adaptation_ chroma_ sps_ palette_ enabled_flag Profile for which format_ bitdepth_ enabled_ sps_reverse_last_sig_ constraint is specified idc minus8 flag coeff_enabled_flag Main 12 0 or 1 0 . . . 4 0 0 Main 12 4:4:4 — 0 . . . 4 — — Main 16 4:4:4 — — — — Main 12 Intra 0 or 1 0 . . . 4 0 0 Main 12 4:4:4 Intra — 0 . . . 4 — — Main 16 4:4:4 Intra — — — — Main 12 Still Picture 0 or 1 0 . . . 4 0 0 Main 12 4:4:4 Still — 0 . . . 4 — — Picture Main 16 4:4:4 Still — — — — Picture

-   -   Conformance of a bitstream to the Main 12 profile is indicated         by general_profile_idc being equal to 2.     -   Conformance of a bitstream to the Main 12 Intra profile is         indicated by general_profile_idc being equal to 10 (or 5).     -   Conformance of a bitstream to the Main 12 Still Picture profile         is indicated by general_profile_idc being equal to 66.     -   Conformance of a bitstream to the Main 12 4:4:4 profile is         indicated by general_profile_idc being equal to 34.     -   Conformance of a bitstream to the Main 12 4:4:4 Intra profile is         indicated by general_profile_idc being equal to 42 (or 37 or 5).     -   Conformance of a bitstream to the Main 12 4:4:4 Still Picture         profile is indicated by general_profile_idc being equal to 98.     -   Conformance of a bitstream to the Main 16 4:4:4 profile is         indicated by general_profile_idc being equal to 36.     -   Conformance of a bitstream to the Main 16 4:4:4 Intra profile is         indicated by general_profile_idc being equal to 44 (or 37 or 5).     -   Conformance of a bitstream to the Main 16 4:4:4 Still Picture         profile is indicated by general_profile_idc being equal to 100.     -   All other combinations of the syntax elements in Table 17A with         10, 66, 34, 42, 98, 36, 44, 100 are reserved for future use by         ITU-T| ISO/IEC. Such combinations shall not be present in         bitstreams conforming to this Specification. However, decoders         conforming to the format range extensions profiles shall allow         other combinations as specified below in this clause to occur in         the bitstream.

TABLE 17A Profile for which the general_nonlower_ bitstream indicates bit_rate_constraint_ conformance flag Main 12 0 Main 12 4:4:4 0 Main 16 4:4:4 0 Main 12 Intra 0 or 1 Main 12 4:4:4 Intra 0 or 1 Main 16 4:4:4 Intra 0 or 1 Main 12 Still Picture 0 or 1 Main 12 4:4:4 Still Picture 0 or 1 Main 16 4:4:4 Still Picture 0 or 1

-   -   In another example, mandatory GCI flags in Table 17B may also be         used to indicate Main XX Intra (Intra only) profiles. In this         case:     -   Conformance of a bitstream to the Main 12 Intra profile is         indicated by general_profile_idc being equal to 10 with the         additional indications specified in Table 17B.     -   Conformance of a bitstream to the Main 12 4:4:4 Intra profile is         indicated by general_profile_idc being equal to 42 with the         additional indications specified in Table 17B.     -   Conformance of a bitstream to the Main 16 4:4:4 Intra profile is         indicated by general_profile_idc being equal to 44 with the         additional indications specified in Table 17B.

TABLE 17B Profile for which the general_nonlower_ bitstream indicates general_intra_ bit_rate_constraint_ conformance constaint_flag flag Main 12 0 0 Main 12 4:4:4 0 0 Main 16 4:4:4 0 0 Main 12 Intra 1 0 or 1 Main 12 4:4:4 Intra 1 0 or 1 Main 16 4:4:4 Intra 1 0 or 1 Main 12 Still Picture — 0 or 1 Main 12 4:4:4 Still Picture — 0 or 1 Main 16 4:4:4 Still Picture — 0 or 1

-   -   In another example, specific general_profile_idc value and         mandatory GCI flags in Table 17C may also be used to indicate         Main XX Intra (Intra only) profiles.     -   Conformance of a bitstream to the Main 12 Intra profile is         indicated by general_profile_idc being equal to 5 with the         additional indications specified in Table 17C.     -   Conformance of a bitstream to the Main 12 4:4:4 Intra, or Main         16 4:4:4 Intra profiles are indicated by general_profile_idc         being equal to 37 with the additional indications specified in         Table 17C.     -   In another example, Main 12 Intra and Main 12 4:4:4 intra has         the same general_profile_idc but distinguish them by GCI flags         in Table 17C. specific general_profile_idc value and mandatory         GCI flags in Table 17C is also used to indicate Main XX Intra         (Intra only) profiles.     -   Conformance of a bitstream to the Main 12 Intra, Main 12 4:4:4         Intra, or Main 16 4:4:4 Intra profiles are indicated by         general_profile_idc being equal to 5 with the additional         indications specified in Table 17C.

TABLE 17C gci_ gci_three_ sixteen_ minus_ minus_ max_ general_ Profile for which max_ chroma_ general_ nonlower_ the bitstream bitdepth_ format_ intra_ bit_rate_ indicates constraint_ constraint_ constraint_ constraint_ conformance idc idc flag flag Main 12 Intra 4 2 1 0 or 1 Main 12 4:4:4 Intra 4 0 1 0 or 1 Main 16 4:4:4 Intra 0 0 1 0 or 1

-   -   Decoders conforming to a format range extensions profile at a         specific level (identified by a specific value of         general_level_idc) of a specific tier (identified by a specific         value of general_tier_flag) shall be capable of decoding all         bitstreams and sub-layer representations for which all of the         following conditions apply:         -   Any of the following conditions apply:         -   The decoder conforms to the Main 12 4:4:4 or Main 16 4:4:4             profile, and the bitstream or sub-layer representation is             indicated to conform to the Main 10 profile, or the Main 10             Still Picture profile.         -   The decoder conforms to the Main 12 4:4:4 Intra, Main 16             4:4:4 Intra, Main 12 Still Picture, Main 12 4:4:4 Still             Picture, or Main 16 4:4:4 Still Picture profile, and the             bitstream or sub-layer representation is indicated to             conform to the Main 10 Still Picture profile.         -   general_profile_idc is equal to 4, 34, 66, 98, 36, 68, 100             for the bitstream, and the value of each constraint_flag             listed in Table 17A is greater than or equal to the value(s)             specified in the row of Table 17A for the format range             extensions profile for which the decoder conformance is             evaluated.         -   The bitstream or sub-layer representation is indicated to             conform to a level that is not level 15.5 and is lower than             or equal to the specified level.         -   The bitstream or sub-layer representation is indicated to             conform to a tier that is lower than or equal to the             specified tier.

With respect to the profiles in Tables 15B-15D, the General tier and level limits may be based on the General tier and level limits provided above with the following modifications:

-   -   The variable HbrFactor is defined as follows:         -   If the bitstream is indicated to conform to the Main 10,             Main 10 4:4:4, Multilayer Main 10, or Multilayer Main 10             4:4:4 profile, HbrFactor is set equal to 1.         -   Otherwise, HbrFactor is set equal to             1+general_nonlower_bit_rate_constraint_flag.     -   Or         -   If the bitstream is indicated to conform to the Main 10,             Main 10 4:4:4, Multilayer Main 10, Multilayer Main 10 4:4:4,             Main 12, Main 12 4:4:4, Main 16, or Main 16 4:4:4 profile             (other than Intra only or Still Picture profiles), HbrFactor             is set equal to 1.         -   Otherwise, HbrFactor is set equal to             2−general_lower_bit_rate_constraint_flag.     -   Or         -   If the bitstream is indicated to conform to the Main 12             Intra, Main 12 4:4:4 Intra, or Main 16 4:4:4 Intra (Intra             only profiles), HbrFactor is set equal to             2−general_lower_bit_rate_constraint_flag.         -   Otherwise, HbrFactor is set equal to 1     -   Or         -   If the bitstream is indicated to conform to the Main 12             Intra, Main 12 4:4:4 Intra, or Main 16 4:4:4 Intra, Main 12             Still Picture, Main 12 4:4:4 Still Picture, or Main 16 4:4:4             Still Picture (Intra only or Still Picture profiles),             HbrFactor is set equal to             2−general_lower_bit_rate_constraint_flag.         -   Otherwise, HbrFactor is set equal to 1     -   And Table 10 may be replaced with Table 10B.

TABLE 10B Profile CpbVclFactor CpbNalFactor FormatCapabilityFactor MinCrScaleFactor Main 10, Main 10 Still 1 000 1 100 1.875 1.0 Picture, Multilayer Main 10 Main 10 4:4:4, Main 10 2 500 2 750 3.750 0.75 4:4:4 Still Picture, Multilayer Main 10 4:4:4 Main 12 1 500 1 650 2.250 1.0 Main 12 4:4:4 3 000 3 300 4.500 0.5 Main 16 4:4:4 4 000 4 400 6.000 0.5 Main 12 Intra 1 500 1 650 2.250 1.0 Main 12 4:4:4 Intra 3 000 3 300 4.500 0.5 Main 16 4:4:4 Intra 4 000 4 400 6.000 0.5 Main 12 Still Picture 2 000 2 200 3.000 0.5 Main 12 4:4:4 Still 3 000 3 300 4.500 0.5 Picture Main 16 4:4:4 Still 4 000 4 400 6.000 0.5 Picture

As provided above, in Table 17 provides constraints for a general_lower_bit_rate_constraint_flag syntax element. In one example, according to the techniques herein a general_lower_bit_rate_constraint_flag syntax element may be added to a general_constraints_info( ) syntax structure as provided in Tables 18-20.

TABLE 18 Descriptor general_constraints_info( ) { ...  gci_no_virtual_boundaries_constraint_flag u(1)  gci_num_profile_constraint_or_reserved_bits u(8)   if( general_profile_idc = = 4 | |    general_profile_idc = = 36 | |    general_profile_idc = = 68 | |    general_profile_idc = = 100 ) {    general_lower_bit_rate_constraint_flag u(1)    NumReservedBitsUsed=1  }  else    NumReservedBitsUsed=0  for( i = 0; i <  gci_num_profile_constraint_or_reserved_bits − NumReservedBitsUsed; i++ )    gci_reserved_zero_bit[ i ] u(1)  }  while( !byte_aligned( ) )  gci_alignment_zero_bit f(1)    }

TABLE 19 Descriptor general_constraints_info( ) { ...   gci_no_virtual_boundaries_constraint_flag u(1)   gci_num_ reserved_bits u(8)    if( gci_num_reserved_bits > 0 ) {     if( general_profile_idc = = 4 | | general_profile_idc = = 36 | |      general_profile_idc = = 68 | | general_profile_idc = = 100 ) {     general_lower_bit_rate_constraint_flag u(1)      NumReservedBitsUsed=1     } else      NumReservedBitsUsed=0    for( i = 0; i < gci_num_reserved_bits− NumReservedBitsUsed; i++ )     gci_reserved_zero_bit[ i ] u(1)   }  }  while( !byte_aligned( ) )   gci_alignment_zero_bit f(1) }

TABLE 19A Descriptor general_constraints_info( ) { ...   gci_no_virtual_boundaries_constraint_flag u(1)   gci_num_ reserved_bits u(8)    if( general_profile_idc = = 4 | | general_profile_idc = = 36 | |      general_profile_idc = = 68 | | general_profile_idc = = 100 ) {      general_lower_bit_rate_constraint_flag u(1)       NumReservedBitsUsed=1     } else       NumReservedBitsUsed=0    for( i = 0; i < gci_num_reserved_bits− NumReservedBitsUsed; i++ )     gci_reserved_zero_bit[ i ] u(1)  }  while( !byte_aligned( ) )   gci_alignment_zero_bit f(1) }

TABLE 20 Descriptor general_constraints_info( ) { ...    if( general_profile_idc = = 4 | |     general_profile_idc = = 36 | |     general_profile_idc = = 68 | |     general_profile_idc = = 100 ) {    gci_num_profile_constraint_bits u(8)    general_lower_bit_rate_constraint_flag u(1)    NumReservedBits=    gci_num_profile_constraint_bits − 1   }   else {    gci_num_ reserved_bits u(8)    NumReservedBits= gci_num_reserved_bits   }   for( i = 0; i < NumReservedBits; i++ )    gci_reserved_zero_bit[ i ] u(1)     }  while( !byte_aligned( ) )   gci_alignment_zero_bit f(1) }

With respect to Table 20, the semantics of gci_num_profile_constraint_bits may be based on the following:

-   -   gci_num_profile_constraint_bits, specifies the sum of number of         profile constraint bits and number of the reserved GCI bits. It         is a requirement of bitstream conformance that the value of         gci_num_profile_constraint_or_reserved_bits shall be equal to or         more than 1 when the profile indicated by general_profile_idc is         a profile specified.     -   With respect to Table 18, Table 19, Table 19A and Table 20, the         semantics of general_lower_bit_rate_constraint_flag may be based         on the following:     -   general_lower_bit_rate_constraint_flag, when present, have         semantics specified in above when the profile indicated by         general_profile_idc is a profile specified.     -   With respect to Table 18, the semantics of         gci_num_profile_constraint_or_reserved_bits may be based on the         following:     -   gci_num_profile_constraint_or_reserved_bits specifies the number         of the reserved GCI bits. The value of         gci_num_profile_constraint_or_reserved_bits shall be equal to 0         or 1 in bitstreams conforming to this version of this         Specification. Other values of         gci_num_profile_constraint_or_reserved_bits are reserved for         future use by ITU-T|ISO/IEC. Although the value of         gci_num_profile_constraint_or_reserved_bits is required to be         equal to 0 or 1 in this version of this Specification, decoders         conforming to this version of this Specification shall allow the         value of gci_num_profile_constraint_or_reserved_bits other than         0 or 1 to appear in the syntax and shall ignore the values of         all the gci_profile_constraint_or_reserved_zero_bit[i] syntax         elements when gci_num_reserved_bits is greater than 1.     -   With respect to Table 19, Table 19A, the semantics of         gci_num_reserved_bits may be based on the following:     -   gci_num_reserved_bits specifies the number of the reserved GCI         bits. The value of gci_num_reserved_bits shall be equal to 0 or         1 in bitstreams conforming to this version of this         Specification. Other values of gci_num_reserved_bits are         reserved for future use by ITU-T|ISO/IEC. Although the value of         gci_num_reserved_bits is required to be equal to 0 or 1 in this         version of this Specification, decoders conforming to this         version of this Specification shall allow the value of         gci_num_reserved_bits other than 0 or 1 to appear in the syntax         and shall ignore the values of all the gci_reserved_zero_bit[i]         syntax elements when gci_num_reserved_bits is greater than 1.     -   With respect to Table 18, Table 19, Table 19A and Table 20, the         semantics of gci_reserved_zero_bit[i] may be based on the         following:     -   gci_reserved_zero_bit[i] could have any value. Its presence and         value do not affect the decoding process specified in this         version of this Specification. Decoders conforming to this         version of this Specification shall ignore the values of all the         gci_reserved_zero_bit[i] syntax elements.     -   gci_alignment_zero_bit shall be equal to 0.

It is noted that HbrFactor can be directly signaled. In that case, general_lower_bit_rate_constraint_flag may be replaced with general_hbr_factor_idc in Table 18 or in Table 19 or in Table 19A or in Table 20, which may be u(4), etc. and be based on the following semantics.

-   -   general_hbr_factor_idc specifies the variable HbrFactor         specified in Annex A. HbrFactor is a scaling value which using         maximum bitrate or minimum compression ratio.

As provided above, Tables 17A-17C provides constraints for syntax elements. In one example, according to the techniques herein a general_constraints_info( ) syntax structure corresponding to Tables 17A-17C may be based on the syntax as provided in Tables 21A-21E.

TABLE 21A Descriptor general_constraints_info( ) { ...  gci_no_virtual_boundaries_constraint_flag u(1)  gci_num_ reserved_bits u(8)   if( gci_num_reserved_bits > 0 ) {    general_nonlower_bit_rate_constraint_flag u(1)     NumReservedBitsUsed=1    } else     NumReservedBitsUsed=0   for( i = 0; i < gci_num_reserved_bits− NumReservedBitsUsed; i++ )    gci_reserved_zero_bit[ i ] u(1)  }  while( !byte_aligned( ) )  gci_alignment_zero_bit f(1) }

TABLE 21B Descriptor general_constraints_info( ) {  gci_present_flag u(1)  if( gci_present_flag ) {  /* general */   gci_intra_only_constraint_flag u(1)   gci_all_layers_independent_constraint_flag u(1)   gci_one_au_only_constraint_flag u(1)  /* picture format */   gci_sixteen_minus_max_bitdepth_constraint_idc u(4)   gci_three_minus_max_chroma_format_constraint_idc u(2)  /* NAL unit type related */  ...   gci_num_reserved_bits u(8)   if(general_profile_idc & 8 ) {    general_nonlower_bit_rate_constraint_flag u(1)    NumReservedBitsUsed=1   }   else    NumReservedBitsUsed=0   for( i = 0; i < gci_numreserved_bits − NumReservedBitsUsed; i++ )    gci_reserved_zero_bit[ i ] u(1)  }  while( !byte_aligned( ) )   gci_alignment_zero_bit f(1) }

TABLE 21C Descriptor general_constraints_info( ) {  gci_present_flag u(1)  if( gci_present_flag ) {  /* general */   gci_intra_only_constraint_flag u(1)   gci_all_layers_independent_constraint_flag u(1)   gci_one_au_only_constraint_flag u(1)  /* picture format */   gci_sixteen_minus_max_bitdepth_constraint_idc u(4)   gci_three_minus_max_chroma_format_constraint_idc u(2)  /* NAL unit type related */  ...   gci_num_reserved_bits u(8)   if( (general_profile_idc & 8) || (gci_num_reserved_bits > 0) ) {    general_nonlower_bit_rate_constraint_flag u(1)    NumReservedBitsUsed=1   }   else    NumReservedBitsUsed=0   for( i = 0; i < gci_numreserved_bits − NumReservedBitsUsed; i++ )    gci_reserved_zero_bit[ i ] u(1)  }  while( !byte_aligned( ) )   gci_alignment_zero_bit f(1) }

TABLE 21D Descriptor general_constraints_info( ) {  gci_present_flag u(1)  if( gci_present_flag ) {  /* general */   gci_intra_only_constraint_flag u(1)   gci_all_layers_independent_constraint_flag u(1)   gci_one_au_only_constraint_flag u(1)  /* picture format */   gci_sixteen_minus_max_bitdepth_constraint_idc u(4)   gci_three_minus_max_chroma_format_constraint_idc u(2)  /* NAL unit type related */  ...   gci_num_reserved_bits u(8)   if( (general_profile_idc == 5 (or specific value) ) || (gci_num_reserved_bits > 0) ) {    general_nonlower_bit_rate_constraint_flag u(1)    NumReservedBitsUsed=1   }   else    NumReservedBitsUsed=0   for( i = 0; i < gci_numreserved_bits − NumReservedBitsUsed; i++ )    gci_reserved_zero_bit[ i ] u(1)  }  while( !byte_aligned( ) )   gci_alignment_zero_bit f(1) }

TABLE 21E Descriptor general_constraints_info( ) {  gci_present_flag u(1)  if( gci_present_flag ) {  /* general */   gci_intra_only_constraint_flag u(1)   gci_all_layers_independent_constraint_flag u(1)   gci_one_au_only_constraint_flag u(1)  /* picture format */   gci_sixteen_minus_max_bitdepth_constraint_idc u(4)   gci_three_minus_max_chroma_format_constraint_idc u(2)  /* NAL unit type related */  ...   gci_num_reserved_bits u(8)   general_nonlower_bit_rate_constraint_flag u(1)   for( i = 0; i < gci_num_reserved_bits − 1; i++ )    gci_reserved_zero_bit[ i ] u(1)  }  while( !byte_aligned( ) )   gci_alignment_zero_bit f(1) }

It should be noted that according to the examples above general_profile_idc can used to show GCI flag is mandatory (the presence of additional GCI flag is necessary in the bitstream). It is beneficial to distinguish the profile's feature with additional GCIs. It is useful not to waste very limited value (7 bits in VVC) for general_profile_idc.

With respect to Tables 21A-21E, the semantics may be based on the semantics provided above and based on the following:

-   -   gci_num_reserved_bits specifies the number of the reserved GCI         bits. The value of gci_num_reserved_bits shall be equal to 0 or         1 in bitstreams conforming to this version of this         Specification. Other values of gci_num_reserved_bits are         reserved for future use by ITU-T ISO/IEC. Although the value of         gci_num_reserved_bits is required to be equal to 0 or 1 in this         version of this Specification, decoders conforming to this         version of this Specification shall allow the value of         gci_num_reserved_bits other than 0 or 1 to appear in the syntax         and shall ignore the values of all the gci_reserved_zero_bit[i]         syntax elements when gci_num_reserved_bits is greater than 1.     -   general_nonlower_bit_rate_constraint_flag, when present, have         semantics specified when the profile indicated by         general_profile_idc is a profile specified in as provided above.     -   It is noted that, in one example,         general_nonlower_bit_rate_constraint_flag's value other than         Intra profiles or Still Picture profiles shall be 0 to allow         this flags skipping (In skip/non-present case, the flag is         inferred to be equal to 0).     -   In another example the flag         general_nonlower_bit_rate_constraint_flag may be called         general_lower_bit_rate_constraint_flag.     -   With respect to Table 21E (and Tables 21A-21D, in some         examples), the semantics of gci_num_reserved_bits may be based         on the following:     -   gci_num_reserved_bits specifies the number of the reserved GCI         bits. The value of gci_num_reserved_bits shall be equal to 1 in         bitstreams conforming to this version of this Specification.         Other values of gci_num_reserved_bits are reserved for future         use by ITU-T|ISO/IEC. Although the value of         gci_num_reserved_bits is required to be equal to 1 in this         version of this Specification, decoders conforming to this         version of this Specification shall allow the value of         gci_num_reserved_bits greater than 1 to appear in the syntax and         shall ignore the values of all the gci_reserved_zero_bit[i]         syntax elements when gci_num_reserved_bits is greater than 1.

In one example, according to the techniques herein a general_constraints_info( ) syntax structure corresponding to Tables 17A-17C may be based on the syntax as provided in Table 22.

TABLE 22 Descriptor general_constraints_info( ) {  gci_present_flag u(1)  if( gci_present_flag ) {  /* general */   gci_intra_only_constraint_flag u(1)   gci_all_layers_independent_constraint_flag u(1)   gci_one_au_only_constraint_flag u(1)  /* picture format */   gci_sixteen_minus_max_bitdepth_constraint_idc u(4)   gci_three_minus_max_chroma_format_constraint_idc u(2)  /* NAL unit type related */  ...   gci_num_reserved_bits_plus1 u(8)   if(gci_num_reserved_bits_plus1 > 0) {    general_nonlower_bit_rate_constraint_flag u(1)    for( i = 0; i < gci_numreserved_bits_plus1 − 1; i++ )     gci_reserved_zero_bit[ i ] u(1)   }  }  while( !byte_aligned( ) )   gci_alignment_zero_bit f(1)     }

With respect to Table 22, the semantics may be based on the semantics provided above and based on the following:

-   -   gci_num_reserved_bits_plus1 specifies the number of the reserved         GCI bits plus 1. The value of gci_num_reserved_bits_plus1 shall         be equal to 0 or 1 in bitstreams conforming to this version of         this Specification. Other values of gci_num_reserved_bits are         reserved for future use by ITU-T ISO/IEC. Although the value of         gci_num_reserved_bits_plus1 is required to be equal to 0 or 1 in         this version of this Specification, decoders conforming to this         version of this Specification shall allow the value of         gci_num_reserved_bits_plus1 other than 0 or 1 to appear in the         syntax and shall ignore the values of all the         gci_reserved_zero_bit[i] syntax elements when         gci_num_reserved_bits_plus1 is greater than 1.

In one example, according to the techniques herein a general_constraints_info( ) syntax structure corresponding to Tables 17A-17C may be based on the syntax as provided in Tables 23A-23C.

TABLE 23A Descriptor general_constraints_info( ) {  gci_present_flag u(1)  if( gci_present_flag ) {  /* general */   gci_intra_only_constraint_flag u(1)   gci_all_layers_independent_constraint_flag u(1)   gci_one_au_only_constraint_flag u(1)  /* picture format */   gci_sixteen_minus_max_bitdepth_constraint_idc u(4)   gci_three_minus_max_chroma_format_constraint_idc u(2)  /* NAL unit type related */  ...   gci_num_reserved_bits u(8)   if(general_profile_idc == 4 || general_profile_idc ==34 || general_profile_idc ==66 || general_profile_idc == 98 || general_profile_idc == 36 || general_profile_idc == 68 || general_profile_idc == 100) { // first-level gating condition based on general_profile_idc    general_nonlower_bit_rate_constraint_flag u(1)    NumReservedBitsUsed=1    if(gci_num_reserved_bits > 1) { // second-level gating condition for profile specific tools     gci_no_extended_precision_processing_constraint_flag     gci_no_extended_precision_processing_constraint_flag     gci_no_rrc_rice_extension_constraint_flag     gci_no_persistent_rice_adaptation_constraint_flag     gci_no_reverse_last_sig_coeff_constraint_flag     NumReservedBitsUsed=6    }    for( i = 0; i < gci_numreserved_bits − NumReservedBitsUsed; i++ )     gci_reserved_zero_bit[ i ] u(1)   }  }  while( !byte_aligned( ) )   gci_alignment_zero_bit f(1) }

TABLE 23B Descriptor general_constraints_info( ) {  gci_present_flag u(1)  if( gci_present_flag ) {  /* general */   gci_intra_only_constraint_flag u(1)   gci_all_layers_independent_constraint_flag u(1)   gci_one_au_only_constraint_flag u(1)  /* picture format */   gci_sixteen_minus_max_bitdepth_constraint_idc u(4)   gci_three_minus_max_chroma_format_constraint_idc u(2)  /* NAL unit type related */  ...   gci_num_reserved_bits u(8)   if(gci_num_reserved_bits > 0) { // first-level gating condition based on length syntax    gci_range_extension_flag u(1)    if(gci_range_extension_flag ) { // second-level gating condition for profile specific tools     general_nonlower_bit_rate_constraint_flag u(1)     gci_no_extended_precision_processing_constraint_flag u(1)     gci_no_extended_precision_processing_constraint_flag u(1)     gci_no_rrc_rice_extension_constraint_flag u(1)     gci_no_persistent_rice_adaptation_constraint_flag u(1)     gci_no_reverse_last_sig_coeff_constraint_flag u(1)     NumReservedBitsUsed=6    }    for( i = 0; i < gci_numreserved_bits − NumReservedBitsUsed; i++ )     gci_reserved_zero_bit[ i ] u(1)   }  }  while( !byte_aligned( ) )   gci_alignment_zero_bit f(1) }

TABLE 23C Descriptor general_constraints_info( ) {  gci_present_flag u(1)  if( gci_present_flag ) {  /* general */   gci_intra_only_constraint_flag u(1)   gci_all_layers_independent_constraint_flag u(1)   gci_one_au_only_constraint_flag u(1)  /* picture format */   gci_sixteen_minus_max_bitdepth_constraint_idc u(4)   gci_three_minus_max_chroma_format_constraint_idc u(2)  /* NAL unit type related */  ...   gci_num_reserved_bits u(8)   if(gci_num_reserved_bits > 0) { // first-level gating condition based on length syntax    general_nonlower_bit_rate_constraint_flag u(1)    NumReservedBitsUsed=1    if(gci_num_reserved_bits > 1) { // second-level gating condition based on length syntax     gci_no_extended_precision_processing_constraint_flag u(1)     gci_no_extended_precision_processing_constraint_flag u(1)     gci_no_rrc_rice_extension_constraint_flag u(1)     gci_no_persistent_rice_adaptation_constraint_flag u(1)     gci_no_reverse_last_sig_coeff_constraint_flag u(1)     NumReservedBitsUsed=6    }    for( i = 0; i < gci_numreserved_bits − NumReservedBitsUsed; i++ )     gci_reserved_zero_bit[ i ] u(1)   }  }  while( !byte_aligned( ) )   gci_alignment_zero_bit f(1) }

With respect to Tables 23A-23C, the semantics may be based on the semantics provided above and based on the following:

-   -   gci_range_extension_flag equal to 1 specifies that GCI syntax         elements for range operation profile tools are present in the         general_constraints_info( ) syntax structure.         gci_range_extension_flag equal to 0 specifies that the specific         GCI fields are not present in the general_constraints_info( )         syntax structure.     -   gci_no_extended_precision_processing_constraint_flag equal to 1         specifies that extended_precision_processing_flag for all         pictures in OlsInScope shall be equal to 0.         gci_no_extended_precision_processing_constraint_flag equal to 0         does not impose such a constraint.     -   gci_no_ts_residual_coding_rice_constraint_flag equal to 1         specifies that sps_ts_residual_coding_rice_present_in_sh_flag         for all pictures in OlsInScope shall be equal to 0.         gci_no_ts_residual_coding_rice_constraint_flag equal to 0 does         not impose such a constraint.     -   gci_no_rrc_rice_extension_constraint_flag equal to 1 specifies         that sps_rrc_rice_extension_flag, for all pictures in OlsInScope         shall be equal to 0. gci_no_rrc_rice_extension_constraint_flag         equal to 0 does not impose such a constraint.     -   gci_no_persistent_rice_adaptation_constraint_flag equal to 1         specifies that sps_persistent_rice_adaptation_enabled_flag for         all pictures in OlsInScope shall be equal to 0.         gci_no_persistent_rice_adaptation_constraint_flag equal to 0         does not impose such a constraint.     -   gci_no_reverse_last_sig_coeff_constraint_flag equal to 1         specifies that sps_reverse_last_sig_coeff_enabled_flag for all         pictures in OlsInScope shall be equal to 0.         gci_no_reverse_last_sig_coeff_constraint_flag equal to 0 does         not impose such a constraint.

In this manner, source device 102 represents an example of a device configured to signal a syntax element indicating a profile to which an output layer set conforms, wherein the syntax element is included in a profile tier level syntax and a value of 36 indicates a Main 16 4:4:4 profile.

Referring again to FIG. 1 , interface 108 may include any device configured to receive data generated by data encapsulator 107 and transmit and/or store the data to a communications medium. Interface 108 may include a network interface card, such as an Ethernet card, and may include an optical transceiver, a radio frequency transceiver, or any other type of device that can send and/or receive information. Further, interface 108 may include a computer system interface that may enable a file to be stored on a storage device. For example, interface 108 may include a chipset supporting Peripheral Component Interconnect (PCI) and Peripheral Component Interconnect Express (PCIe) bus protocols, proprietary bus protocols, Universal Serial Bus (USB) protocols, I²C, or any other logical and physical structure that may be used to interconnect peer devices.

Referring again to FIG. 1 , destination device 120 includes interface 122, data decapsulator 123, video decoder 124, and display 126. Interface 122 may include any device configured to receive data from a communications medium. Interface 122 may include a network interface card, such as an Ethernet card, and may include an optical transceiver, a radio frequency transceiver, or any other type of device that can receive and/or send information. Further, interface 122 may include a computer system interface enabling a compliant video bitstream to be retrieved from a storage device. For example, interface 122 may include a chipset supporting PCI and PCIe bus protocols, proprietary bus protocols, USB protocols, I²C, or any other logical and physical structure that may be used to interconnect peer devices. Data decapsulator 123 may be configured to receive and parse any of the example syntax structures described herein.

Video decoder 124 may include any device configured to receive a bitstream (e.g., a sub-bitstream extraction) and/or acceptable variations thereof and reproduce video data therefrom. Display 126 may include any device configured to display video data. Display 126 may comprise one of a variety of display devices such as a liquid crystal display (LCD), a plasma display, an organic light emitting diode (OLED) display, or another type of display. Display 126 may include a High Definition display or an Ultra High Definition display. It should be noted that although in the example illustrated in FIG. 1 , video decoder 124 is described as outputting data to display 126, video decoder 124 may be configured to output video data to various types of devices and/or sub-components thereof. For example, video decoder 124 may be configured to output video data to any communication medium, as described herein.

FIG. 6 is a block diagram illustrating an example of a video decoder that may be configured to decode video data according to one or more techniques of this disclosure (e.g., the decoding process for reference-picture list construction described above). In one example, video decoder 600 may be configured to decode transform data and reconstruct residual data from transform coefficients based on decoded transform data. Video decoder 600 may be configured to perform intra prediction decoding and inter prediction decoding and, as such, may be referred to as a hybrid decoder. Video decoder 600 may be configured to parse any combination of the syntax elements described above in Tables 1-23C. Video decoder 600 may decode a picture based on or according to the processes described above, and further based on parsed values in Tables 1-23C.

In the example illustrated in FIG. 6 , video decoder 600 includes an entropy decoding unit 602, inverse quantization unit 604, transform coefficient processing unit 606, intra prediction processing unit 608, inter prediction processing unit 610, summer 612, post filter unit 614, and reference buffer 616. Video decoder 600 may be configured to decode video data in a manner consistent with a video coding system. It should be noted that although example video decoder 600 is illustrated as having distinct functional blocks, such an illustration is for descriptive purposes and does not limit video decoder 600 and/or sub-components thereof to a particular hardware or software architecture. Functions of video decoder 600 may be realized using any combination of hardware, firmware, and/or software implementations.

As illustrated in FIG. 6 , entropy decoding unit 602 receives an entropy encoded bitstream. Entropy decoding unit 602 may be configured to decode syntax elements and quantized coefficients from the bitstream according to a process reciprocal to an entropy encoding process. Entropy decoding unit 602 may be configured to perform entropy decoding according any of the entropy coding techniques described above. Entropy decoding unit 602 may determine values for syntax elements in an encoded bitstream in a manner consistent with a video coding standard. As illustrated in FIG. 6 , entropy decoding unit 602 may determine a quantization parameter, quantized coefficient values, transform data, and prediction data from a bitstream. In the example, illustrated in FIG. 6 , inverse quantization unit 604 and inverse transform coefficient processing unit 606 receive quantized coefficient values from entropy decoding unit 602 and output reconstructed residual data.

Referring again to FIG. 6 , reconstructed residual data may be provided to summer 612. Summer 612 may add reconstructed residual data to a predictive video block and generate reconstructed video data. A predictive video block may be determined according to a predictive video technique (i.e., intra prediction and inter frame prediction). Intra prediction processing unit 608 may be configured to receive intra prediction syntax elements and retrieve a predictive video block from reference buffer 616. Reference buffer 616 may include a memory device configured to store one or more frames of video data. Intra prediction syntax elements may identify an intra prediction mode, such as the intra prediction modes described above. Inter prediction processing unit 610 may receive inter prediction syntax elements and generate motion vectors to identify a prediction block in one or more reference frames stored in reference buffer 616. Inter prediction processing unit 610 may produce motion compensated blocks, possibly performing interpolation based on interpolation filters. Identifiers for interpolation filters to be used for motion estimation with sub-pixel precision may be included in the syntax elements. Inter prediction processing unit 610 may use interpolation filters to calculate interpolated values for sub-integer pixels of a reference block. Post filter unit 614 may be configured to perform filtering on reconstructed video data. For example, post filter unit 614 may be configured to perform deblocking and/or Sample Adaptive Offset (SAO) filtering, e.g., based on parameters specified in a bitstream. Further, it should be noted that in some examples, post filter unit 614 may be configured to perform proprietary discretionary filtering (e.g., visual enhancements, such as, mosquito noise reduction). As illustrated in FIG. 6 , a reconstructed video block may be output by video decoder 600. In this manner, video decoder 600 represents an example of a device configured to receive profile tier level syntax, parse a syntax element from the profile tier level syntax indicating a profile to which an output layer set conforms, wherein a value of 36 indicates a Main 16 4:4:4 profile and perform video decoding based on the indicated profile.

In one or more examples, the functions described may be implemented in hardware, software, firmware, or any combination thereof. If implemented in software, the functions may be stored on or transmitted over as one or more instructions or code on a computer-readable medium and executed by a hardware-based processing unit. Computer-readable media may include computer-readable storage media, which corresponds to a tangible medium such as data storage media, or communication media including any medium that facilitates transfer of a computer program from one place to another, e.g., according to a communication protocol. In this manner, computer-readable media generally may correspond to (1) tangible computer-readable storage media which is non-transitory or (2) a communication medium such as a signal or carrier wave. Data storage media may be any available media that can be accessed by one or more computers or one or more processors to retrieve instructions, code and/or data structures for implementation of the techniques described in this disclosure. A computer program product may include a computer-readable medium.

By way of example, and not limitation, such computer-readable storage media can comprise RAM, ROM, EEPROM, CD-ROM or other optical disk storage, magnetic disk storage, or other magnetic storage devices, flash memory, or any other medium that can be used to store desired program code in the form of instructions or data structures and that can be accessed by a computer. Also, any connection is properly termed a computer-readable medium. For example, if instructions are transmitted from a website, server, or other remote source using a coaxial cable, fiber optic cable, twisted pair, digital subscriber line (DSL), or wireless technologies such as infrared, radio, and microwave, then the coaxial cable, fiber optic cable, twisted pair, DSL, or wireless technologies such as infrared, radio, and microwave are included in the definition of medium. It should be understood, however, that computer-readable storage media and data storage media do not include connections, carrier waves, signals, or other transitory media, but are instead directed to non-transitory, tangible storage media. Disk and disc, as used herein, includes compact disc (CD), laser disc, optical disc, digital versatile disc (DVD), floppy disk and Blu-ray disc where disks usually reproduce data magnetically, while discs reproduce data optically with lasers. Combinations of the above should also be included within the scope of computer-readable media.

Instructions may be executed by one or more processors, such as one or more digital signal processors (DSPs), general purpose microprocessors, application specific integrated circuits (ASICs), field programmable logic arrays (FPGAs), or other equivalent integrated or discrete logic circuitry. Accordingly, the term “processor,” as used herein may refer to any of the foregoing structure or any other structure suitable for implementation of the techniques described herein. In addition, in some aspects, the functionality described herein may be provided within dedicated hardware and/or software modules configured for encoding and decoding, or incorporated in a combined codec. Also, the techniques could be fully implemented in one or more circuits or logic elements.

The techniques of this disclosure may be implemented in a wide variety of devices or apparatuses, including a wireless handset, an integrated circuit (IC) or a set of ICs (e.g., a chip set). Various components, modules, or units are described in this disclosure to emphasize functional aspects of devices configured to perform the disclosed techniques, but do not necessarily require realization by different hardware units. Rather, as described above, various units may be combined in a codec hardware unit or provided by a collection of interoperative hardware units, including one or more processors as described above, in conjunction with suitable software and/or firmware.

Moreover, each functional block or various features of the base station device and the terminal device used in each of the aforementioned embodiments may be implemented or executed by a circuitry, which is typically an integrated circuit or a plurality of integrated circuits. The circuitry designed to execute the functions described in the present specification may comprise a general-purpose processor, a digital signal processor (DSP), an application specific or general application integrated circuit (ASIC), a field programmable gate array (FPGA), or other programmable logic devices, discrete gates or transistor logic, or a discrete hardware component, or a combination thereof. The general-purpose processor may be a microprocessor, or alternatively, the processor may be a conventional processor, a controller, a microcontroller or a state machine. The general-purpose processor or each circuit described above may be configured by a digital circuit or may be configured by an analogue circuit. Further, when a technology of making into an integrated circuit superseding integrated circuits at the present time appears due to advancement of a semiconductor technology, the integrated circuit by this technology is also able to be used.

Various examples have been described. These and other examples are within the scope of the following claims. 

What is claimed is:
 1. A method of decoding video data, the method comprising: receiving general constraints information; decoding a first syntax element, from the general constraints information, indicating a constraint of sh_slice_type for all slices in OlsInScope; decoding a second syntax element indicating a number of bits; deriving a variable NumReservedBitsUsed; and decoding one bit syntax elements repeatedly where a number of the one bit syntax elements is a value of the second syntax element minus a value of the variable NumReservedBitsUsed.
 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the variable NumReservedBitsUsed is derived by setting the variable NumReservedBitsUsed to at least a first specific value or zero based on a condition.
 3. A device for decoding video data, the device comprising: a memory; and a processor, wherein the processor is configured to: receive general constraints information; decode a first syntax element, from the general constraints information, indicating a constraint of sh_slice_type for all slices in OlsInScope; decode a second syntax element indicating a number of bits; derive a variable NumReservedBitsUsed; and decode one bit syntax elements repeatedly where a number of the one bit syntax elements is a value of the second syntax element minus a value of the variable NumReservedBitsUsed. 